手把手教你学simulink（30.6）--电力电子场景示例：基于Simulink的电动汽车（EV）双向充电系统（V2G）设计

 % 添加双向DC-DC变换器模块

    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Power Electronics/Bidirectional DC-DC Converter', 'DC_DC_Converter');
    
  
    
 % 设置双向DC-DC变换器参数
    
 set_param('DC_DC_Converter', 'SwitchingFrequency', '100e3'); % 开关频率为100 kHz
    
 set_param('DC_DC_Converter', 'InputVoltage', '400'); % 输入电压为400 V
    
 set_param('DC_DC_Converter', 'OutputVoltage', '12'); % 输出电压为12 V
    
  
    
 % 连接电池和低压负载到双向DC-DC变换器
    
 connect_blocks('Battery', 'DC_DC_Converter');
    
 connect_blocks('Low_Voltage_Load', 'DC_DC_Converter');

 % 添加双向AC-DC变换器模块

    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Power Electronics/Bidirectional AC-DC Converter', 'AC_DC_Converter');
    
  
    
 % 设置双向AC-DC变换器参数
    
 set_param('AC_DC_Converter', 'SwitchingFrequency', '50e3'); % 开关频率为50 kHz
    
 set_param('AC_DC_Converter', 'GridVoltage', '230'); % 电网电压为230 V
    
 set_param('AC_DC_Converter', 'BatteryVoltage', '400'); % 电池电压为400 V
    
  
    
 % 连接电网和电池到双向AC-DC变换器
    
 connect_blocks('Grid', 'AC_DC_Converter');
    
 connect_blocks('Battery', 'AC_DC_Converter');

 % 添加电池模块

    
 add_block('battery/Lithium-Ion Battery', 'Battery');
    
  
    
 % 设置电池参数
    
 set_param('Battery', 'NominalCapacity', '100'); % 额定容量为100 kWh
    
 set_param('Battery', 'NominalVoltage', '400'); % 额定电压为400 V
    
 set_param('Battery', 'InitialSOC', '0.5'); % 初始荷电状态为50%
    
  
    
 % 添加传感器模块
    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Measurements/Voltage Measurement', 'Voltage_Sensor');
    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Measurements/Current Measurement', 'Current_Sensor');
    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Measurements/Temperature Measurement', 'Temperature_Sensor');
    
  
    
 % 连接传感器到电池
    
 connect_blocks('Voltage_Sensor', 'Battery');
    
 connect_blocks('Current_Sensor', 'Battery');
    
 connect_blocks('Temperature_Sensor', 'Battery');
    
  
    
 % 添加状态机模块
    
 add_block('stateflow/Chart', 'BMS_Logic');
    
  
    
 % 设置状态机逻辑
    
 set_param('BMS_Logic', 'States', {'Normal', 'Overcharge', 'Overdischarge', 'Overtemperature'});
    
 set_param('BMS_Logic', 'Transitions', {
    
     'Normal -> Overcharge: voltage > max_voltage',
    
     'Normal -> Overdischarge: voltage < min_voltage',
    
     'Normal -> Overtemperature: temperature > max_temperature',
    
     'Overcharge -> Normal: voltage <= max_voltage',
    
     'Overdischarge -> Normal: voltage >= min_voltage',
    
     'Overtemperature -> Normal: temperature <= max_temperature'
    
 });
    
  
    
 % 连接状态机到传感器
    
 connect_blocks('BMS_Logic', 'Voltage_Sensor');
    
 connect_blocks('BMS_Logic', 'Current_Sensor');
    
 connect_blocks('BMS_Logic', 'Temperature_Sensor');

 function [balanced_soc] = batteryBalancing(soc_vector)

    
     % 计算平均SOC
    
     avg_soc = mean(soc_vector);
    
  
    
     % 调整每个电池单元的SOC
    
     for i = 1:length(soc_vector)
    
     if soc_vector(i) > avg_soc
    
         soc_vector(i) = soc_vector(i) - 0.01; % 放电
    
     elseif soc_vector(i) < avg_soc
    
         soc_vector(i) = soc_vector(i) + 0.01; % 充电
    
     end
    
     end
    
  
    
     % 返回均衡后的SOC
    
     balanced_soc = soc_vector;
    
 end

 function [power_commands] = ruleBasedEMS(grid_price, battery_soc, user_demand)

    
     % 初始化功率命令
    
     power_commands = struct('Grid', 0, 'Battery', 0);
    
  
    
     % 规则1：当电价较低时，优先从电网充电
    
     if grid_price < 0.1 && battery_soc < 0.9
    
     power_commands.Grid = user_demand;
    
     else
    
     % 规则2：当电价较高时，优先从电池放电
    
     if battery_soc > 0.2
    
         power_commands.Battery = -user_demand;
    
     else
    
         % 规则3：当电池电量不足时，从电网充电
    
         power_commands.Grid = user_demand;
    
     end
    
     end
    
 end

 function [power_commands] = optimizationBasedEMS(grid_price, battery_soc, user_demand, price_signal)

    
     % 定义优化变量
    
     x = optimvar('x', 2, 'LowerBound', [-battery_soc * 100, 0], 'UpperBound', [0, 100]);
    
  
    
     % 定义目标函数
    
     objective = sum(x .* price_signal);
    
  
    
     % 定义约束条件
    
     constraints = [
    
     x(1) + x(2) == user_demand; % 功率平衡约束
    
     x(1) <= -battery_soc * 100; % 电池放电约束
    
     x(2) <= 100; % 电网充电约束
    
     ];
    
  
    
     % 求解优化问题
    
     problem = optimproblem('Objective', objective, 'Constraints', constraints);
    
     solution = solve(problem);
    
  
    
     % 获取最优功率命令
    
     power_commands = struct('Grid', solution.x(2), 'Battery', solution.x(1));
    
 end

 % 添加电网参数监测模块

    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Measurements/Voltage Measurement', 'Grid_Voltage_Sensor');
    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Measurements/Frequency Measurement', 'Grid_Frequency_Sensor');
    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Measurements/Power Factor Measurement', 'Grid_PF_Sensor');
    
  
    
 % 连接传感器到电网
    
 connect_blocks('Grid_Voltage_Sensor', 'Grid');
    
 connect_blocks('Grid_Frequency_Sensor', 'Grid');
    
 connect_blocks('Grid_PF_Sensor', 'Grid');

 function [grid_command] = communicateWithGrid(grid_status)

    
     % 发送电网状态到调度系统
    
     sendToGridScheduler(grid_status);
    
  
    
     % 接收调度系统的指令
    
     grid_command = receiveFromGridScheduler();
    
 end

 % 添加短路故障检测模块

    
 add_block('fault_detection/Fault Detector', 'Short_Circuit_Detector');
    
  
    
 % 设置短路故障检测参数
    
 set_param('Short_Circuit_Detector', 'Threshold', '1000'); % 短路电流阈值为1000 A
    
  
    
 % 连接短路故障检测到系统
    
 connect_blocks('Short_Circuit_Detector', 'System_Model');

 % 添加过载保护模块

    
 add_block('protection_devices/Overload Protector', 'Overload_Protector');
    
  
    
 % 设置过载保护参数
    
 set_param('Overload_Protector', 'Threshold', '500'); % 过载电流阈值为500 A
    
  
    
 % 连接过载保护到系统
    
 connect_blocks('Overload_Protector', 'System_Model');

 % 添加硬件连接模块

    
 add_block('hils_toolbox/Hardware Interface', 'Hardware_Interface');
    
  
    
 % 设置硬件连接参数
    
 set_param('Hardware_Interface', 'Device', 'DC_DC_Converter'); % 连接到双向DC-DC变换器
    
 set_param('Hardware_Interface', 'Port', 'COM1'); % 串口为COM1
    
  
    
 % 连接硬件到系统
    
 connect_blocks('Hardware_Interface', 'System_Model');

 % 启用实时仿真

    
 set_param('System_Model', 'SimulationMode', 'External');
    
  
    
 % 启动实时仿真
    
 sim('System_Model');