通过Simulink搭建一个包含风力发电、光伏发电和储能系统的微电网模型

 % 添加风速生成模块

    
 add_block('simulink/Sources/Signal Builder', 'Wind_Speed');
    
  
    
 % 设置风速信号
    
 set_param('Wind_Speed', 'TimeValues', [0, 6, 12, 18, 24], 'SignalValues', [5, 10, 15, 10, 5]); % 不同时段的风速
    
  
    
 % 连接风速到风力发电机
    
 connect_blocks('Wind_Speed', 'Wind_Turbine');

 % 添加风力发电机模块

    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Renewable Energy Sources/Wind Turbine Generator', 'Wind_Turbine');
    
  
    
 % 设置风力发电机参数
    
 set_param('Wind_Turbine', 'RatedPower', '500'); % 额定功率为500 kW
    
 set_param('Wind_Turbine', 'CutInSpeed', '3'); % 切入风速为3 m/s
    
 set_param('Wind_Turbine', 'RatedSpeed', '12'); % 额定风速为12 m/s
    
 set_param('Wind_Turbine', 'CutOutSpeed', '25'); % 切出风速为25 m/s
    
  
    
 % 连接风力发电机到电网
    
 connect_blocks('Wind_Turbine', 'Grid');

 % 添加光照强度生成模块

    
 add_block('simulink/Sources/Signal Builder', 'Solar_Irradiance');
    
  
    
 % 设置光照强度信号
    
 set_param('Solar_Irradiance', 'TimeValues', [0, 6, 12, 18, 24], 'SignalValues', [0, 200, 1000, 200, 0]); % 不同时段的光照强度
    
  
    
 % 添加温度生成模块
    
 add_block('simulink/Sources/Signal Builder', 'Temperature');
    
  
    
 % 设置温度信号
    
 set_param('Temperature', 'TimeValues', [0, 6, 12, 18, 24], 'SignalValues', [15, 20, 30, 25, 15]); % 不同时段的温度
    
  
    
 % 连接光照强度和温度到光伏阵列
    
 connect_blocks('Solar_Irradiance', 'PV_Array');
    
 connect_blocks('Temperature', 'PV_Array');

 % 添加光伏阵列模块

    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Renewable Energy Sources/Photovoltaic Panel', 'PV_Array');
    
  
    
 % 设置光伏阵列参数
    
 set_param('PV_Array', 'NominalPower', '100'); % 额定功率为100 kW
    
 set_param('PV_Array', 'NominalVoltage', '400'); % 额定电压为400 V
    
 set_param('PV_Array', 'NominalCurrent', '250'); % 额定电流为250 A
    
  
    
 % 连接光伏阵列到电网
    
 connect_blocks('PV_Array', 'Grid');

 % 添加锂离子电池模块

    
 add_block('battery/Lithium-Ion Battery', 'BESS');
    
  
    
 % 设置电池参数
    
 set_param('BESS', 'NominalCapacity', '200'); % 额定容量为200 kWh
    
 set_param('BESS', 'NominalVoltage', '400'); % 额定电压为400 V
    
 set_param('BESS', 'InitialSOC', '0.8'); % 初始荷电状态为80%
    
  
    
 % 连接电池到电路
    
 connect_blocks('BESS', 'Battery_Terminal');

 % 添加超级电容器模块

    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Elements/Capacitor', 'Super_Capacitor');
    
  
    
 % 设置电容器参数
    
 set_param('Super_Capacitor', 'Capacitance', '1000'); % 电容值为1000 F
    
 set_param('Super_Capacitor', 'InitialVoltage', '0'); % 初始电压为0 V
    
  
    
 % 连接电容器到电路
    
 connect_blocks('Super_Capacitor', 'Capacitor_Terminal');

 function [duty_cycle] = mpptControl(pv_voltage, pv_current)

    
     % 计算光伏阵列的输出功率
    
     power = pv_voltage * pv_current;
    
  
    
     % 使用扰动观察法（P&O）实现MPPT
    
     if power > last_power
    
     duty_cycle = duty_cycle + 0.01; % 增加占空比
    
     else
    
     duty_cycle = duty_cycle - 0.01; % 减小占空比
    
     end
    
  
    
     % 更新上一时刻的功率
    
     last_power = power;
    
 end

 function [control_signal] = frequencyVoltageControl(frequency_error, voltage_error)

    
     % 设定PI控制器参数
    
     Kp_f = 1; % 比例增益
    
     Ki_f = 0.1; % 积分增益
    
     Kp_v = 1; % 比例增益
    
     Ki_v = 0.1; % 积分增益
    
  
    
     % 计算频率控制信号
    
     freq_control = Kp_f * frequency_error + Ki_f * integral(frequency_error);
    
  
    
     % 计算电压控制信号
    
     volt_control = Kp_v * voltage_error + Ki_v * integral(voltage_error);
    
  
    
     % 合并控制信号
    
     control_signal = freq_control + volt_control;
    
 end

 function [power_command] = batteryControl(battery_soc, grid_frequency, grid_voltage)

    
     % 设定控制逻辑
    
     if battery_soc < 0.2 || grid_frequency < 49.5 || grid_voltage < 220
    
     power_command = 0; % 禁止充电
    
     elseif battery_soc > 0.9 && grid_frequency > 50.5 && grid_voltage > 240
    
     power_command = -100; % 放电
    
     else
    
     power_command = 0; % 维持当前状态
    
     end
    
 end

 function [power_commands] = ruleBasedEMS(wind_power, solar_power, load_demand, battery_soc)

    
     % 初始化功率命令
    
     power_commands = struct('Wind', 0, 'Solar', 0, 'Battery', 0);
    
  
    
     % 规则1：优先使用风力发电机供电
    
     if wind_power >= load_demand
    
     power_commands.Wind = load_demand;
    
     power_commands.Solar = 0;
    
     power_commands.Battery = 0;
    
     else
    
     % 规则2：当风力发电机功率不足时，使用光伏阵列补充
    
     if wind_power + solar_power >= load_demand
    
         power_commands.Wind = wind_power;
    
         power_commands.Solar = load_demand - wind_power;
    
         power_commands.Battery = 0;
    
     else
    
         % 规则3：当风力发电机和光伏阵列功率均不足时，使用电池补充
    
         if battery_soc > 0.2
    
             power_commands.Wind = wind_power;
    
             power_commands.Solar = solar_power;
    
             power_commands.Battery = load_demand - wind_power - solar_power;
    
         else
    
             power_commands.Wind = wind_power;
    
             power_commands.Solar = solar_power;
    
             power_commands.Battery = 0;
    
         end
    
     end
    
     end
    
 end

 function [power_commands] = optimizationBasedEMS(wind_power, solar_power, load_demand, battery_soc, price_signal)

    
     % 定义优化变量
    
     x = optimvar('x', 3, 'LowerBound', 0, 'UpperBound', [wind_power, solar_power, battery_soc * 100]);
    
  
    
     % 定义目标函数
    
     objective = sum(x .* price_signal);
    
  
    
     % 定义约束条件
    
     constraints = [
    
     x(1) + x(2) + x(3) == load_demand; % 功率平衡约束
    
     x(1) <= wind_power; % 风力发电机功率约束
    
     x(2) <= solar_power; % 光伏阵列功率约束
    
     x(3) <= battery_soc * 100; % 电池容量约束
    
     ];
    
  
    
     % 求解优化问题
    
     problem = optimproblem('Objective', objective, 'Constraints', constraints);
    
     solution = solve(problem);
    
  
    
     % 获取最优功率命令
    
     power_commands = struct('Wind', solution.x(1), 'Solar', solution.x(2), 'Battery', solution.x(3));
    
 end

 % 添加电价信号生成模块

    
 add_block('simulink/Sources/Signal Builder', 'Price_Signal');
    
  
    
 % 设置电价信号
    
 set_param('Price_Signal', 'TimeValues', [0, 6, 12, 18, 24], 'SignalValues', [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1]); % 不同时段的电价

 % 添加维护成本计算模块

    
 add_block('financial_toolbox/Financial Instruments/Maintenance Cost', 'Maintenance_Cost');
    
  
    
 % 设置维护成本参数
    
 set_param('Maintenance_Cost', 'AnnualCost', '1000'); % 年度维护成本为1000元
    
 set_param('Maintenance_Cost', 'Lifetime', '10'); % 设备寿命为10年
    
  
    
 % 连接维护成本到系统
    
 connect_blocks('Maintenance_Cost', 'System_Model');

 % 添加经济性评估模块

    
 add_block('financial_toolbox/Financial Instruments/Net Present Value', 'NPV_Analysis');
    
  
    
 % 设置经济性评估参数
    
 set_param('NPV_Analysis', 'DiscountRate', '0.05'); % 折现率为5%
    
  
    
 % 连接经济性评估到系统
    
 connect_blocks('NPV_Analysis', 'System_Model');

 % 添加碳排放计算模块

    
 add_block('sustainability_toolbox/Carbon Emissions', 'Carbon_Emissions');
    
  
    
 % 设置碳排放参数
    
 set_param('Carbon_Emissions', 'EmissionFactor', '0.5'); % 每千瓦时的碳排放系数为0.5 kg CO2
    
  
    
 % 连接碳排放到系统
    
 connect_blocks('Carbon_Emissions', 'System_Model');

 % 添加可再生能源利用率计算模块

    
 add_block('sustainability_toolbox/Renewable Energy Utilization', 'RE_Utilization');
    
  
    
 % 设置可再生能源利用率参数
    
 set_param('RE_Utilization', 'RenewablePower', 'renewable_power'); % 可再生能源功率
    
  
    
 % 连接可再生能源利用率到系统
    
 connect_blocks('RE_Utilization', 'System_Model');

 % 添加硬件连接模块

    
 add_block('hils_toolbox/Hardware Interface', 'Hardware_Interface');
    
  
    
 % 设置硬件连接参数
    
 set_param('Hardware_Interface', 'Device', 'Wind_Turbine'); % 连接到风力发电机
    
 set_param('Hardware_Interface', 'Port', 'COM1'); % 串口为COM1
    
  
    
 % 连接硬件到系统
    
 connect_blocks('Hardware_Interface', 'System_Model');

 % 启用实时仿真

    
 set_param('System_Model', 'SimulationMode', 'External');
    
  
    
 % 启动实时仿真
    
 sim('System_Model');