[Hive]那些年我们踩过的Hive坑
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1. 缺少MySQL驱动包
1.1 问题描述
Caused by: org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.connectionpool.DatastoreDriverNotFoundException: The specified datastore driver ("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver") was not found in the CLASSPATH. Please check your CLASSPATH specification, and the name of the driver.
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.connectionpool.AbstractConnectionPoolFactory.loadDriver(AbstractConnectionPoolFactory.java:58)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.connectionpool.BoneCPConnectionPoolFactory.createConnectionPool(BoneCPConnectionPoolFactory.java:54)
at org.datanucleus.store.rdbms.ConnectionFactoryImpl.generateDataSources(ConnectionFactoryImpl.java:213)1.2. 解决方案
这个问题可能源于缺少MySQL的JAR包。我们需要获取mysql-connector-java-5.1.32.tar.gz文件，并将其复制至Hive的lib目录中。
xiaosi@yoona:~$ cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.34-bin.jar opt/hive-2.1.0/lib/2. 元数据库mysql初始化
2.1 问题描述
运行./hive脚本时，无法进入，报错：
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Hive metastore database is not initialized. Please use schematool (e.g. ./schematool -initSchema -dbType ...) to create the schema. If needed, don't forget to include the option to auto-create the underlying database in your JDBC connection string (e.g. ?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true for mysql)1.1 - 解决方案
1.1 - 解决方案
在scripts文件夹中执行该命令以初始化Hive元数据库。
xiaosi@yoona:~/opt/hive-2.1.0/scripts$ schematool -initSchema -dbType mysql
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/xiaosi/opt/hive-2.1.0/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.4.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/xiaosi/opt/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Metastore connection URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hive_meta?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true
Metastore Connection Driver : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
Metastore connection User: root
Starting metastore schema initialization to 2.1.0
Initialization script hive-schema-2.1.0.mysql.sql
Initialization script completed
schemaTool completedRelative path within an absolute URI structure.
3.1 问题描述
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI: ${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.name%7D
...
Caused by: java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI: ${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.name%7D
at java.net.URI.checkPath(URI.java:1823)
at java.net.URI.<init>(URI.java:745)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path.initialize(Path.java:202)
... 12 more3.2 具体方案
出现上述问题的根本原因在于错误地设置了未正确配置的系统变量。要解决问题，在hive-site.xml中需正确设置system:user.name和system:java.io.tmpdir这两个系统环境变量。其中就可以直接引用这两个环境变量进行设置。
<property>
<name>system:user.name</name>
<value>xiaosi</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>system:java.io.tmpdir</name>
<value>/home/${system:user.name}/tmp/hive/</value>
</property>4. 拒绝建立连接
4.1 问题描述
on exception: java.net.ConnectException: 拒绝连接; For more details see: http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/ConnectionRefused
...
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Call From Qunar/127.0.0.1 to localhost:9000 failed on connection exception: java.net.ConnectException: 拒绝连接; For more details see: http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/ConnectionRefused
...
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: 拒绝连接
at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.checkConnect(Native Method)
at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.finishConnect(SocketChannelImpl.java:717)
at org.apache.hadoop.net.SocketIOWithTimeout.connect(SocketIOWithTimeout.java:206)
at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.connect(NetUtils.java:531)
at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.connect(NetUtils.java:495)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.setupConnection(Client.java:614)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.setupIOstreams(Client.java:712)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client$Connection.access$2900(Client.java:375)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.getConnection(Client.java:1528)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1451)
... 29 more4.2 解决方案
有可能是Hadoop没有启动，使用jps查看一下当前进程发现：
xiaosi@yoona:~/opt/hive-2.1.0$ jps
7317 Jps可以观察到的是，并未启动Hadoop这一系统。启动了Hadoop系统中的NameNode守护进程以及DataNode守护进程。
xiaosi@yoona:~/opt/hadoop-2.7.3$ ./sbin/start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [localhost]
localhost: starting namenode, logging to /home/xiaosi/opt/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-xiaosi-namenode-yoona.out
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /home/xiaosi/opt/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-xiaosi-datanode-yoona.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/xiaosi/opt/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-xiaosi-secondarynamenode-yoona.out
xiaosi@yoona:~/opt/hadoop-2.7.3$ jps
8055 Jps
7561 NameNode
7929 SecondaryNameNode
7724 DataNode- Hive表生成报错
5.1 问题描述
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask. MetaException(message:For direct MetaStore DB connections, we don't support retries at the client level.)5.2 解决方案
查看Hive日志，看到这样的错误日志：
NestedThrowablesStackTrace:
Could not create "increment"/"table" value-generation container `SEQUENCE_TABLE` since autoCreate flags do not allow it.
org.datanucleus.exceptions.NucleusUserException: Could not create "increment"/"table" value-generation container `SEQUENCE_TABLE` since autoCreate flags do not allow it.此问题的根本原因在于MySQL默认设置其bin_log格式为statement类型，并且可以通过执行MySQL的命令'show variables like 'binlog_format''来获取相关信息
mysql> show variables like 'binlog_format';
+---------------+-----------+
|Variable_name|Value|
+---------------+-----------+
|binlog_format|STATEMENT|
+---------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)在修改bin-log格式的默认值时，在MySQL的配置文件/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf中设置binlog_format="MIXED"后重启MySQL服务，并随后启动Hive服务即可完成配置更改。
mysql> show variables like 'binlog_format';
+---------------+-------+
|Variable_name|Value|
+---------------+-------+
|binlog_format|MIXED|
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)再次执行创表语句：
hive> create table if not exists employees(
> name string comment '姓名',
> salary float comment '工资',
> subordinates array<string> comment '下属',
> deductions map<string,float> comment '扣除金额',
> address struct<city:string,province:string> comment '家庭住址'
> )
> comment '员工信息表'
> ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
> FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
> LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'
> STORED AS TEXTFILE;
OK
Time taken: 0.664 seconds- 数据加载失败
6.1 详细阐述问题背景及现状
hive> load data local inpath '/home/xiaosi/hive/input/result.txt' overwrite into table recent_attention;
Loading data to table test_db.recent_attention
Failed with exception Unable to move source file:/home/xiaosi/hive/input/result.txt to destination hdfs://localhost:9000/user/hive/warehouse/test_db.db/recent_attention/result.txt
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.MoveTask查看Hive日志，看到这样的错误日志：
Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(java.io.IOException): File /home/xiaosi/hive/warehouse/recent_attention/result.txt could only be replicated to 0 nodes instead of minReplication (=1). There are 0 datanode(s) running and no node(s) are excluded in this operation.我们发现没有任何运行的data nodes，并且怀疑可能存在data node失效的情况。通过JPS进行检查后发现结果我们确认我们的data node并未启动
6.2 问题解决
这个问题是因为datanode未能正常启动而导致的。具体原因则需参考另一篇博文：那些年踩过的Hadoop坑（[()）。
在Java中尝试连接到Hive时出现连接失败
7.1 问题描述
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.hadoop.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:331) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:264) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at com.sjf.open.hive.HiveClient.getConn(HiveClient.java:29) [classes/:na]
at com.sjf.open.hive.HiveClient.run(HiveClient.java:53) [classes/:na]
at com.sjf.open.hive.HiveClient.main(HiveClient.java:77) [classes/:na]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144) [idea_rt.jar:na]7.2 解决方案
private static String driverName = "org.apache.hadoop.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver";取代
private static String driverName = "org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver"8. create table问题
8.1 问题描述
create table if not exists employee(
name string comment 'employee name',
salary float comment 'employee salary',
subordinates array<string> comment 'names of subordinates',
deductions map<string,float> comment 'keys are deductions values are percentages',
address struct<street:string, city:string, state:string, zip:int> comment 'home address'
)
comment 'description of the table'
tblproperties ('creator'='yoona','date'='20160719')
location '/user/hive/warehouse/test.db/employee';错误信息：
FAILED: ParseException line 10:0 missing EOF at 'location' near ')'8.2 解决方案
Location放在TBPROPERTIES之前：
create table if not exists employee(
name string comment 'employee name',
salary float comment 'employee salary',
subordinates array<string> comment 'names of subordinates',
deductions map<string,float> comment 'keys are deductions values are percentages',
address struct<street:string, city:string, state:string, zip:int> comment 'home address'
)
comment 'description of the table'
location '/user/hive/warehouse/test.db/employee'
tblproperties ('creator'='yoona','date'='20160719');
create table命令：https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+DDL#LanguageManualDDL-CreateTable9. JDBC Hive 拒绝连接请求
9.1 问题描述
15:00:50.815 [main] INFO org.apache.hive.jdbc.Utils - Supplied authorities: localhost:10000
15:00:50.832 [main] INFO org.apache.hive.jdbc.Utils - Resolved authority: localhost:10000
15:00:51.010 [main] DEBUG o.a.thrift.transport.TSaslTransport - opening transport org.apache.thrift.transport.TSaslClientTransport@3ffc5af1
15:00:51.019 [main] WARN org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveConnection - Failed to connect to localhost:10000
15:00:51.027 [main] ERROR com.sjf.open.hive.HiveClient - Connection error!
java.sql.SQLException: Could not open client transport with JDBC Uri: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/default: java.net.ConnectException: 拒绝连接
at org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveConnection.openTransport(HiveConnection.java:219) ~[hive-jdbc-2.1.0.jar:2.1.0]
at org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveConnection.<init>(HiveConnection.java:157) ~[hive-jdbc-2.1.0.jar:2.1.0]
at org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver.connect(HiveDriver.java:107) ~[hive-jdbc-2.1.0.jar:2.1.0]
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:664) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:247) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at com.sjf.open.hive.HiveClient.getConn(HiveClient.java:29) [classes/:na]
at com.sjf.open.hive.HiveClient.run(HiveClient.java:52) [classes/:na]
at com.sjf.open.hive.HiveClient.main(HiveClient.java:76) [classes/:na]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144) [idea_rt.jar:na]
Caused by: org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException: java.net.ConnectException: 拒绝连接
at org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket.open(TSocket.java:226) ~[libthrift-0.9.3.jar:0.9.3]
at org.apache.thrift.transport.TSaslTransport.open(TSaslTransport.java:266) ~[libthrift-0.9.3.jar:0.9.3]
at org.apache.thrift.transport.TSaslClientTransport.open(TSaslClientTransport.java:37) ~[libthrift-0.9.3.jar:0.9.3]
at org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveConnection.openTransport(HiveConnection.java:195) ~[hive-jdbc-2.1.0.jar:2.1.0]
... 12 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: 拒绝连接
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:350) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:206) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:188) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:589) ~[na:1.8.0_91]
at org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket.open(TSocket.java:221) ~[libthrift-0.9.3.jar:0.9.3]
... 15 common frames omitted第9.2节 解决方案
(1) 检查hive server2是否启动：
xiaosi@Qunar:/opt/apache-hive-2.0.0-bin/bin$ sudo netstat -anp | grep 10000如果没有启动hive server2，首先启动服务：
xiaosi@Qunar:/opt/apache-hive-2.0.0-bin/conf$ hive --service hiveserver2 >/dev/null 2>/dev/null &
[1] 11978(2) 检查配置：
<property>
<name>hive.server2.thrift.port</name>
<value>10000</value>
<description>Port number of HiveServer2 Thrift interface when hive.server2.transport.mode is 'binary'.</description>
</property>User account cannot take on the identity of anonymous users.
详细阐述了其具体表现形式与内在机理研究方向
Failed to open new session: java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.security.authorize.AuthorizationException): User:xiaosiis not allowed to impersonate anonymous10.2 解决方案
修改hadoop 配置文件 etc/hadoop/core-site.xml,加入如下配置项
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.root.hosts</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.root.groups</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>备注
hadoop.proxyuser.XXX.hosts 和 hadoop.proxyuser.XXX.groups 作为分类管理依据分为两部分：一部分是异常信息中User: *字段中的用户名部分
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.xiaosi.hosts</name>
<value>*</value>
<description>The superuser can connect only from host1 and host2 to impersonate a user</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.xiaosi.groups</name>
<value>*</value>
<description>Allow the superuser oozie to impersonate any members of the group group1 and group2</description>
</property>11. 安全模式
详细阐述了所研究的问题及其相关背景
Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SafeModeException): Cannot create directory /tmp/hive/xiaosi/c2f6130d-3207-4360-8734-dba0462bd76c. Name node is in safe mode.
The reported blocks 22 has reached the threshold 0.9990 of total blocks 22. The number of live datanodes 1 has reached the minimum number 0. In safe mode extension. Safe mode will be turned off automatically in 5 seconds.
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.checkNameNodeSafeMode(FSNamesystem.java:1327)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.mkdirs(FSNamesystem.java:3893)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeRpcServer.mkdirs(NameNodeRpcServer.java:983)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.mkdirs(ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.java:622)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos$ClientNamenodeProtocol$2.callBlockingMethod(ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos.java)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Server$ProtoBufRpcInvoker.call(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:616)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.call(RPC.java:969)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2049)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2045)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:415)
at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1657)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler.run(Server.java:2043)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1475)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client.call(Client.java:1412)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Invoker.invoke(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:229)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy32.mkdirs(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.mkdirs(ClientNamenodeProtocolTranslatorPB.java:558)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invokeMethod(RetryInvocationHandler.java:191)
at org.apache.hadoop.io.retry.RetryInvocationHandler.invoke(RetryInvocationHandler.java:102)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy33.mkdirs(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.primitiveMkdir(DFSClient.java:3000)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient.mkdirs(DFSClient.java:2970)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$21.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1047)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$21.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1043)
at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.mkdirsInternal(DistributedFileSystem.java:1043)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.mkdirs(DistributedFileSystem.java:1036)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createPath(SessionState.java:682)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:617)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:526)
... 9 more深入分析当前存在的问题，并识别潜在的障碍因素及应对策略
当HDFS启动初期会切换至安全模式，在此状态下文件系统的任何操作均禁止修改或删除直到该状态结束完毕。
其主要功能是在系统启动阶段验证各个DataNode上的数据块完整性，并根据策略执行必要的数据块复制或删除操作。
此外，在运行期间也可通过特定命令指令来切换至安全状态。
在实际操作中发现，在系统启动阶段试图进行文件的任何修改或删除都会触发的安全机制报错提示信息提醒用户等待恢复。
11.3 问题解决
可以等待其自动退出安全模式，也可以使用手动命令来离开安全模式：
xiaosi@yoona:~$ hdfs dfsadmin -safemode leave
Safe mode is OFF全部评论 (0)
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