毕业设计 深度学习昆虫识别系统（源码+论文）

    class CNN(tf.keras.Model):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.conv1 = tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(
            filters=32,             # 卷积层神经元（卷积核）数目
            kernel_size=[5, 5],     # 感受野大小
            padding='same',         # padding策略（vaild 或 same）
            activation=tf.nn.relu   # 激活函数
        )
        self.pool1 = tf.keras.layers.MaxPool2D(pool_size=[2, 2], strides=2)
        self.conv2 = tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(
            filters=64,
            kernel_size=[5, 5],
            padding='same',
            activation=tf.nn.relu
        )
        self.pool2 = tf.keras.layers.MaxPool2D(pool_size=[2, 2], strides=2)
        self.flatten = tf.keras.layers.Reshape(target_shape=(7 * 7 * 64,))
        self.dense1 = tf.keras.layers.Dense(units=1024, activation=tf.nn.relu)
        self.dense2 = tf.keras.layers.Dense(units=10)
    
    def call(self, inputs):
        x = self.conv1(inputs)                  # [batch_size, 28, 28, 32]
        x = self.pool1(x)                       # [batch_size, 14, 14, 32]
        x = self.conv2(x)                       # [batch_size, 14, 14, 64]
        x = self.pool2(x)                       # [batch_size, 7, 7, 64]
        x = self.flatten(x)                     # [batch_size, 7 * 7 * 64]
        x = self.dense1(x)                      # [batch_size, 1024]
        x = self.dense2(x)                      # [batch_size, 10]
        output = tf.nn.softmax(x)
        return output
    
    
    python
    
    
![](https://ad.itadn.com/c/weblog/blog-img/images/2025-08-18/a2Ex58XMDTzcNnb4GKio3uWvdQhp.png)

    import tensorflow as tf
    import numpy as np
    from tensorflow.keras import layers, Sequential, Model
    
    class ConvBNReLU(layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, out_channel, kernel_size=3, strides=1, **kwargs):
        super(ConvBNReLU, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.conv = layers.Conv2D(filters=out_channel, 
                                  kernel_size=kernel_size, 
                                  strides=strides, 
                                  padding='SAME', 
                                  use_bias=False,
                                  name='Conv2d')
        self.bn = layers.BatchNormalization(momentum=0.9, epsilon=1e-5, name='BatchNorm')
        self.activation = layers.ReLU(max_value=6.0)   # ReLU6
        
    def call(self, inputs, training=False, **kargs):
        x = self.conv(inputs)
        x = self.bn(x, training=training)
        x = self.activation(x)
        
        return x
    
    
    
    class InvertedResidualBlock(layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, in_channel, out_channel, strides, expand_ratio, **kwargs):
        super(InvertedResidualBlock, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.hidden_channel = in_channel * expand_ratio
        self.use_shortcut = (strides == 1) and (in_channel == out_channel)
        
        layer_list = []
        # first bottleneck does not need 1*1 conv
        if expand_ratio != 1:
            # 1x1 pointwise conv
            layer_list.append(ConvBNReLU(out_channel=self.hidden_channel, kernel_size=1, name='expand'))
        layer_list.extend([
            
            # 3x3 depthwise conv 
            layers.DepthwiseConv2D(kernel_size=3, padding='SAME', strides=strides, use_bias=False, name='depthwise'),
            layers.BatchNormalization(momentum=0.9, epsilon=1e-5, name='depthwise/BatchNorm'),
            layers.ReLU(max_value=6.0),
            
            #1x1 pointwise conv(linear) 
            # linear activation y = x -> no activation function
            layers.Conv2D(filters=out_channel, kernel_size=1, strides=1, padding='SAME', use_bias=False, name='project'),
            layers.BatchNormalization(momentum=0.9, epsilon=1e-5, name='project/BatchNorm')
        ])
        
        self.main_branch = Sequential(layer_list, name='expanded_conv')
    
    def call(self, inputs, **kargs):
        if self.use_shortcut:
            return inputs + self.main_branch(inputs)
        else:
            return self.main_branch(inputs)  
    
    
    
    
    python
    
    
![](https://ad.itadn.com/c/weblog/blog-img/images/2025-08-18/Tw5U7qjK2z8nHZXlSWfdeiVhDB0s.png)

    def softmax(x):
    shift_x = x - np.max(x)    # 防止输入增大时输出为nan
    exp_x = np.exp(shift_x)
    return exp_x / np.sum(exp_x)
    
    
    python

    import torch
    x = torch.tensor([2.0,1.0,0.1])
    x.cuda()
    outputs = torch.softmax(x,dim=0)
    print("输入：",x)
    print("输出：",outputs)
    print("输出之和：",outputs.sum())
    
    
    
    python

    def cross_entropy(a, y):
    return np.sum(np.nan_to_num(-y*np.log(a)-(1-y)*np.log(1-a)))
     
    # tensorflow version
    loss = tf.reduce_mean(-tf.reduce_sum(y_*tf.log(y), reduction_indices=[1]))
     
    # numpy version
    loss = np.mean(-np.sum(y_*np.log(y), axis=1))
    
    
    python

    # 二分类 损失函数
    loss = torch.nn.BCELoss()
    l = loss(pred，real)
    
    
    python

    # 多分类损失函数
    loss = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
    
    
    
    python

    torch.optim.SGD(params, lr=<required parameter>, momentum=0, dampening=0, weight_decay=0, nesterov=False)
    
    
    python

    def step(self, closure=None):
        """Performs a single optimization step.
    
        Arguments:
            closure (callable, optional): A closure that reevaluates the model
                and returns the loss.
        """
        loss = None
        if closure is not None:
            loss = closure()
    
        for group in self.param_groups:
            weight_decay = group['weight_decay'] # 权重衰减系数
            momentum = group['momentum'] # 动量因子，0.9或0.8
            dampening = group['dampening'] # 梯度抑制因子
            nesterov = group['nesterov'] # 是否使用nesterov动量
    
            for p in group['params']:
                if p.grad is None:
                    continue
                d_p = p.grad.data
                if weight_decay != 0: # 进行正则化
                	# add_表示原处改变，d_p = d_p + weight_decay*p.data
                    d_p.add_(weight_decay, p.data)
                if momentum != 0:
                    param_state = self.state[p] # 之前的累计的数据，v(t-1)
                    # 进行动量累计计算
                    if 'momentum_buffer' not in param_state:
                        buf = param_state['momentum_buffer'] = torch.clone(d_p).detach()
                    else:
                    	# 之前的动量
                        buf = param_state['momentum_buffer']
                        # buf= buf*momentum + （1-dampening）*d_p
                        buf.mul_(momentum).add_(1 - dampening, d_p)
                    if nesterov: # 使用neterov动量
                    	# d_p= d_p + momentum*buf
                        d_p = d_p.add(momentum, buf)
                    else:
                        d_p = buf
    				# p = p - lr*d_p
                p.data.add_(-group['lr'], d_p)
    
        return loss
    
    
    
    python
    
    
![](https://ad.itadn.com/c/weblog/blog-img/images/2025-08-18/UHVnNqI7kLYg1vw5Qabif4DxC9WX.png)

    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- #
    # 多周期余弦退火衰减
    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- #
    # eager模式防止graph报错
    tf.config.experimental_run_functions_eagerly(True)
    # ------------------------------------------------ #
    import math
     
    # 继承自定义学习率的类
    class CosineWarmupDecay(keras.optimizers.schedules.LearningRateSchedule):
    '''
    initial_lr: 初始的学习率
    min_lr: 学习率的最小值
    max_lr: 学习率的最大值
    warmup_step: 线性上升部分需要的step
    total_step: 第一个余弦退火周期需要对总step
    multi: 下个周期相比于上个周期调整的倍率
    print_step: 多少个step并打印一次学习率
    '''
    # 初始化
    def __init__(self, initial_lr, min_lr, warmup_step, total_step, multi, print_step):
        # 继承父类的初始化方法
        super(CosineWarmupDecay, self).__init__()
        
        # 属性分配
        self.initial_lr = tf.cast(initial_lr, dtype=tf.float32)
        self.min_lr = tf.cast(min_lr, dtype=tf.float32)
        self.warmup_step = warmup_step  # 初始为第一个周期的线性段的step
        self.total_step = total_step    # 初始为第一个周期的总step
        self.multi = multi
        self.print_step = print_step
        
        # 保存每一个step的学习率
        self.learning_rate_list = []
        # 当前步长
        self.step = 0
        
        
    # 前向传播, 训练时传入当前step，但是上面已经定义了一个，这个step用不上
    def __call__(self, step):
        
        # 如果当前step达到了当前周期末端就调整
        if  self.step>=self.total_step:
            
            # 乘上倍率因子后会有小数，这里要注意
            # 调整一个周期中线性部分的step长度
            self.warmup_step = self.warmup_step * (1 + self.multi)
            # 调整一个周期的总step长度
            self.total_step = self.total_step * (1 + self.multi)
            
            # 重置step，从线性部分重新开始
            self.step = 0
            
        # 余弦部分的计算公式
        decayed_learning_rate = self.min_lr + 0.5 * (self.initial_lr - self.min_lr) *       \
                                (1 + tf.math.cos(math.pi * (self.step-self.warmup_step) /        \
                                  (self.total_step-self.warmup_step)))
        
        # 计算线性上升部分的增长系数k
        k = (self.initial_lr - self.min_lr) / self.warmup_step 
        # 线性增长线段 y=kx+b
        warmup = k * self.step + self.min_lr
        
        # 以学习率峰值点横坐标为界，左侧是线性上升，右侧是余弦下降
        decayed_learning_rate = tf.where(self.step<self.warmup_step, warmup, decayed_learning_rate)
        
        
        # 每个epoch打印一次学习率
        if step % self.print_step == 0:
            # 打印当前step的学习率
            print('learning_rate has changed to: ', decayed_learning_rate.numpy().item())
        
        # 每个step保存一次学习率
        self.learning_rate_list.append(decayed_learning_rate.numpy().item())
     
        # 计算完当前学习率后step加一用于下一次
        self.step = self.step + 1
        
        # 返回调整后的学习率
        return decayed_learning_rate
    
    
    python
    
    
![](https://ad.itadn.com/c/weblog/blog-img/images/2025-08-18/sQD4RqLBjWtK5aNbkIifZJCMr9mP.png)