Research Report on Deep Development and Development Trends of LabVIEW in the Automotive Field
Comprehensive Research Report on the Substantial Advancements and Evolutionary Patterns of LabVIEW in Automotive Applications
Introduction
As the automotive industry undergoes an accelerating shift towards electric transformation, intelligence integration and connectivity advancements (referred to as the "New Four Modernizations"), the complexity of electronic and electrical (E/E) architectures in vehicles is intensifying. Consequently, the proportion of software within vehicle functions is steadily rising. This dual challenge not only presents unparalleled hurdles for traditional approaches to research & development (R&D), testing and production but also drives the demand for more efficient、flexible and scalable engineering solutions. In this evolving landscape, LabVIEW emerges as a pivotal graphical system design platform within the automotive sector. Its intuitive interface combined with robust hardware integration capabilities along with an extensive toolkit set it apart as a critical resource for advanced development and validation processes. The escalating intricacy of modern automotive systems further underscores the necessity for integrated test solutions that can simultaneously address software-hardware co-design requirements
The increasing complexity of contemporary automotive systems demands innovative approaches to ensure reliable operation under diverse operational conditions. Specifically addressing both hardware-software co-design challenges along with multi-domain interactions has become a focal point for advancing testing methodologies. This complexity necessitates sophisticated tools that can manage dynamic interactions between multiple domains seamlessly while ensuring high performance standards across all operational scenarios
本报告旨在探讨LabVIEW在汽车领域中的具体应用领域及关键技术的深化发展情况，并着重分析其未来发展趋势及其与主流工具链之间的协同效应与对比情况；研究范围涵盖硬件在环测试（HIL）、制造工艺、ADAS验证验证环节以及电池管理系统（BMS）和车载信息娱乐系统等多个关键领域；对深入发展的主题进行了详细分析包括但不限于低层驾驶员开发、特定工具包（如VeriStand、TestStand）的高级应用性能优化等问题；同时聚焦于前沿趋势如智能化整合人工智能/机器学习（AI/ML）、符合功能安全认证要求（ISO 26262）、软件定义车辆背景下的应用以及与其他平台（如ROS、AUTOSAR及云通信）的集成等多方面内容
Key Application Areas of LabVIEW in the Automotive Field
LabVIEW has a broad range of applications in the automotive industry’s lifecycle, encompassing research and development, testing, and manufacturing. The system supports its flexibility and modularity in adapting to various testing requirements across different stages and subsystems. It facilitates the system’s adaptability as it aligns with diverse testing needs across multiple stages and subsystems.
Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Testing
HIL测试在整个汽车电子系统的开发与验证过程中扮演着核心角色，在特别是在针对ECU（电子控制单元）的应用场景下发挥着关键作用。该过程通过在实验室环境中对ECU的软件和硬件进行全面测试，并模拟其实验环境来实现这一目标。LabVIEW则在这一体系中承担起基础性作用，在构建高性能且高度仿真的HIL系统方面提供了不可或缺的支持：
Environment Simulation and Signal Generation: LabVIEW is capable of precisely simulating a variety of sensorsignals in the actual vehicleenvironment (including speedthrottle temperaturepressure etc.) by transferring these signalsto anECUunder test. Its highly precise real-time performance ensures both authenticityand synchronizationof simulateddata while allowing accurate testingof anECU'sresponseunder varyingconditions.This encompasses simulating a rangeofanalogue/digitalPulse-widthmodulation(PWM)andcomplex signalbuses.
Real-time Requirements and Implementation: 汽车HIL测试对实时性的要求极高，通常需要极高的同步和精确的时间控制。LabVIEW及其Real-Time（RT）模块与高性能PXI硬件平台能够满足这些严格的实时性需求。例如，NI的PXI模块化硬件能够生成无源雷达信号、摄像头信号、车载总线信号以及通用IO信号，并同时具备硬件和软件故障处理能力。确定性的实时执行能力对于成功进行HIL测试至关重要
Model Integration: LabVIEW is capable of integrating with a variety of third-party environment simulation tools such as IPG CarMaker Ansys VRXPERIENCE Vires VTD Siemens Simcenter Prescan and monoDrive for synchronized signal generation and interconnection with ADAS controller units. While vehicle dynamics and controller models are typically executed on real-time controllers motor and power electronics systems often require execution on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to attain sufficient simulation fidelity. LabVIEW provides the functionality to synchronize models operating across different hardware platforms using I/O interfaces enabling co-simulation and hardware-in-the-loop testing. This open model interface significantly improves system flexibility.
故障注入测试（Fault Injection Testing）： LabVIEW支持故障注入功能，在测试过程中允许开发者有意识地引入错误信号或故障信号（如传感器异常读数、通信中断等），以验证ECU在极端或异常条件下行为的表现。这种技术对于确保功能安全至关重要。通过精确控制故障的类型、发生时间和持续时长，开发人员可以全面评估系统在各种挑战下的抗干扰能力。
Automated Testing: LabVIEW equipped with TestStand tools is capable of constructing significantly automated HIL test systems. These systems enable automatic execution of test cases as well as data acquisition and analysis processes. This setup greatly enhances testing efficiency and consistency. Automation not only reduces manual intervention but also ensures consistent procedures throughout the testing process. HIL testing on the LabVIEW platform makes it possible to effectively reduce testing costs and shorten development cycles compared to traditional real-vehicle testing.
Manufacturing Test
In the automotive manufacturing process, LabVIEW is mainly employed in end-of-line (EOL) testing as well as functional testing of individual components to ensure both the quality and performance of vehicles descending from the production line. High volume throughput, robust reliability, and ease of maintenance are essential requirements for effective production test systems.
EOL Functional Testing: LabVIEW is applicable for EOL functional testing across various domains including automotive electronics, consumer electronics, industrial electronics, and medical devices. Successful comprehensive functional test systems, especially those involved in production line final inspection within automotive electronics manufacturing environments, are required to effectively simulate the functionality of automotive ECUs (Electronic Control Units), electronic components, mechanical parts, and entire systems. These key metrics encompass achieving high throughput rates while ensuring test completeness without compromising on the efficiency of system setup or upgrade processes. Additionally, LabVIEW's advanced parallel testing features coupled with its rapid instrument control capabilities make it a highly effective solution for meeting stringent high-throughput requirements in modern manufacturing settings.
Component Functional Testing: LabVIEW can be used to test various automotive components, such as engine controllers, body controllers, digital instrument clusters, and steering systems. For example, the China Automotive Technology and Research Center designed a LabVIEW-based automotive digital instrument cluster test and control system; Lianchuang Automotive developed a body controller functional test system. These cases demonstrate LabVIEW's ability to flexibly adapt to the testing needs of different components.
High Throughput Systems and Extreme Reliability: The production line testing process requires not only extremely high test speeds but also a focus on system reliability. By integrating LabVIEW with advanced hardware components and a robust software architecture, the system is capable of achieving its maximum throughput requirements. Furthermore, the proven stability of this setup ensures it can maintain consistent performance under challenging industrial conditions over an extended period.
**集成到MES/ERP系统中：**LabVIEW测试系统能够通过诸如TCP/IP、Modbus等通信协议或诸如ODBC、SQL等数据库连接与制造业执行系统（MES）或企业资源计划（ERP）系统集成，并以实现测试数据上传、可追溯性和管理为目标。该集成旨在支持与本地数据库（如MySQL、SQLite）以及云数据库的交互。这种集成对于实现生产过程中的数字化和智能化至关重要。
Test Data Management and Analysis: LabVIEW's robust data acquisition and analysis capabilities—paired with Diadem-based solutions—offer effective tools for managing large-scale production test datasets. These resources support comprehensive operations across process monitoring, quality enhancement, and fault diagnosis. By conducting thorough examinations of these datasets—enabling identification of key bottlenecks—and leveraging actionable insights for targeted improvements—continuous enhancements in product quality are achievable.
ADAS Validation
The significant advancement in Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) presents these complexities especially in multi-sensor fusion intricate scenario simulation and rigorous functional safety testing. LabVIEW offers a comprehensive set of tools for ADAS validation that is capable of effectively handling such intricate requirements.
Multi-Sensor Fusion Testing: ADAS systems commonly fuse information from multiple sensors including radar, cameras, ultrasonic sensors, and LiDAR. LabVIEW HIL solutions can simulate the entire sensor system used by automotive ADAS functions within the electronic and physical interfaces of the HIL system. Sensors can be simulated either electronically via interface-level real-time systems or physically via target simulation for actual sensors. By transmitting radar signals simultaneously while simulating targets for LiDAR sensors and projecting images for cameras, the sensor fusion unit experiences a unified scenario across all interfaces. Validating the accuracy and consistency of sensor data across various environments is essential.
Complex Scenario Validation: LabVIEW can interact with environment simulation tools to imitate object behaviors and driving situations in a virtual setting, enabling thorough assessment of challenging or perilous situations in a safe laboratory setting, thus eliminating the necessity for dangerous real-world testing. This approach allows for the validation of ADAS functions by simulating real-world driving scenarios within an enclosed environment, ensuring optimal performance without the risks associated with field testing.
Specific ADAS Function Testing: LabVIEW is capable of testing specific Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) functions, such as automatic emergency braking (AEB), lane-keeping assistance (LKA), and other critical functionalities, by simulating a variety of challenging scenarios to evaluate the system's response and performance. LabVIEW offers tailored testing solutions to meet specific requirements in the automotive industry.
FPGA Applications in Sensor Simulation: In the realm of real-time high-frequency signal simulation, particularly for sensors like radar and cameras, FPGAs stand out due to their parallel processing capabilities and deterministic nature. The LabVIEW FPGA module provides engineers with a powerful tool to create complex sensor simulation models through a user-friendly graphical programming interface, enabling deployment directly onto FPGA hardware. This capability is essential for achieving accurate and reliable sensor simulations.
Scalability and Flexibility: Leading Tier 1 suppliers like ZF leverage NI's open ecosystem—driven by data and software connectivity—coupled with PXI capabilities—to craft scalable ADAS HIL systems that not only meet current requirements but also align with future test initiatives. Additionally, they replicate ADAS HIL test system prototypes across multiple interconnected systems within the HIL cluster to establish a comprehensive automated validation framework. This scalability is crucial for meeting the rapid iteration demands of ADAS systems. Validating perception algorithms' performance under diverse lighting conditions, varying weather scenarios, and differing traffic patterns remains a significant challenge in ADAS testing. The LabVIEW platform enables integration of environment simulation tools to mitigate these challenges effectively.
Battery Management System (BMS) Testing
Modern electric vehicles' powertrain systems are integral components; their performance significantly influences aspects such as range, safety, and lifespan. LabVIEW serves as a crucial tool for developing BMS test platforms; it offers extensive support ranging from fundamental functionality verification to intricate operational scenario simulations.
BMS Test Platform Construction: A laboratory-based BMS testing platform generally incorporates a monitoring interface, a simulated battery unit, and an actual battery management system. The platform leverages LabVIEW software's graphical programming environment to dynamically monitor and adjust key battery parameters in real time. By programmatically altering resistance values within the simulated circuit, the system mimics diverse charging and discharging scenarios. Observations are made on the BMS's response to voltage fluctuations and the efficacy of its control algorithms. This modular design simplifies setup and scalability.
Battery-in-the-Loop (BIL) Testing: Battery-in-the-Loop (BIL) test solutions largely fill the testing gap between HIL testing and real-vehicle road/field testing. The China Automotive Technology and Research Center uses NI's open software-connected ecosystem (including LabVIEW, VeriStand, TestStand) to develop scalable BIL test systems to meet the development trends of battery testing. BIL systems support a rich set of test scenarios and boundary conditions, reflecting real situations by combining scenarios/roads/vehicle models, and can precisely control extreme operating conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, overcurrent, and overtemperature in an environment close to a real vehicle. BIL testing is crucial for validating the performance and safety of the BMS under real operating conditions.
High-Precision Data Acquisition: BMS testing needs the high-precision acquisition of battery parameters including voltage, current, and temperature. High-precision data acquisition hardware combined with LabVIEW can fulfill these requirements. The accurate acquisition of data forms the foundation for assessing BMS performance and identifying issues.
Battery Model Simulation: LabVIEW can incorporate battery models to simulate the charging and discharging characteristics and aging process of various types of batteries, including lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries, for verifying the effectiveness of BMS control strategies. These models incorporate electrochemical and thermal models to provide a more accurate representation of battery behavior.
Real-Time and FPGA Applications: Fault injection along with specific high-dynamic process simulations within BMS testing necessitate stringent demands for real-time performance. The LabVIEW Real-Time (RT) and FPGA modules are specifically designed to meet these stringent demands of real-time applications. Additionally, Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are particularly well-suited for simulating and capturing extremely fast signals, such as those representing battery cell voltages and currents, while also enabling the implementation of complex control algorithms requiring precise regulation at high frequencies.
Safety Testing:** BMS测试平台需具备模拟过充、过放电、过温和短路等危险工况的能力，以验证BMS的安全防护功能。通过LabVIEW能够精准控制模拟电池的输出参数并实现多种故障注入场景。对BMS安全功能进行全面验证是确保新能源汽车安全运行的关键。此外 LabVIEW平台还支持对电池热管理系统的测试 从而确保电池在不同环境温度下均能安全高效运行
In-Vehicle Infotainment System Testing
As the features of in-vehicle infotainment systems have become more sophisticated, thorough and effective testing is essential for ensuring system reliability. LabVIEW offers a versatile test framework that can handle testing requirements across multimedia applications, communication technologies, and user interfaces.
Multimedia Function Testing: LabVIEW is employed for testing the音视频功能 of in-车用信息娱乐系统, encompassing such as 声音质量, 图像质量, 播放稳定性等. Objective performance evaluation can be achieved by automatically controlling the audio/video sources and then acquire and analyze their output signals.
Wireless Radio Frequency Testing involves the use of LabVIEW in conjunction with RF test instruments to conduct automated evaluations. This methodology is particularly applicable to infotainment systems that integrate wireless communication functions such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GNSS, and cellular networks. The process encompasses several key areas including signal quality assessment, ensuring stable connectivity between devices, and measuring data transfer rates.
User Interface and Interaction Testing: LabVIEW employs image recognition and automated control technologies to simulate user operations, thereby testing the response and interaction logic of the infotainment system's user interface. For instance, LabVIEW executes click actions on screen buttons, performs swipe operations on interfaces, and ensures correct visual feedback by verifying displayed content.
System Integration Testing: Infotainment systems must interact with the vehicle bus and other ECUs. LabVIEW is capable of simulating vehicle bus signals for testing the integration compatibility between infotainment systems and other systems. This encompasses simulations and monitoring processes across a range of communication protocols including CAN (Controller Area Network), LIN (Local Interconnect Network), Automotive Ethernet, and others.
Automation and Efficiency: The automated test framework and rich instrument drivers provided by LabVIEW can assist engineers in flexibly automating tests while effectively reducing the time-to-market for products and achieving the highest level of product quality. Automated testing has a significant impact on improving both efficiency and repeatability in software testing, thereby minimizing costs and errors typically associated with manual testing. Moreover, LabVIEW is capable of supporting tests for smartphone connectivity functions such as Apple CarPlay or Android Auto to offer users an uninterrupted experience.
Key Technologies for Deep Development
The deep integration of LabVIEW into the automotive sector extends beyond surface applications, requiring a comprehensive grasp of fundamental technologies and the adept use of advanced tools. The mastery of these critical technologies forms the cornerstone for constructing high-performance, tailored testing systems.
Low-Level Driver Development
While LabVIEW offers a variety of hardware drivers, the development of low-level drivers is often necessary for specialized or emerging hardware as well as custom interfaces. This calls for developers to possess a profound understanding of hardware characteristics and operating system interfaces.
硬件接口编程：LabVIEW能够通过多种接口（如PCIe总线、USB端口、以太网连接、串口等）与硬件设备进行通信。对于未预先安装驱动的硬件设备而言，在对其进行编程实现控制和数据采集时需要调用LabVIEW的底层函数或外部代码接口（如DLL调用）。这可能涉及直接读取或写入硬件寄存器并利用操作系统提供的API来进行操作。
Bus Communication Protocol Development: The automotive sector encompasses a variety of bus protocols, including CAN, LIN, FlexRay, Automotive Ethernet, and others. LabVIEW offers protocol-specific toolkits to support these standards; however, for non-standard protocols or intricate protocol-level customization tasks, such as directly managing hardware registers or implementing custom protocol stacks using FPGAs, additional low-level development may be necessary. Through LabVIEW, users can leverage ZLG's range of CAN card series to send and receive CAN messages seamlessly; the system also provides functionality for message parsing and encapsulation while maintaining real-time bif file generation capabilities. For high-performance or highly real-time bus applications requiring advanced processing power, FPGA-based solutions are typically employed to achieve the desired performance levels.
Real-Time Operating System Interface: In developing low-level code within the LabVIEW RT environment, it is essential to comprehend the features and APIs of the real-time operating system to guarantee its effective execution performance and deterministic behavior. This involves comprehending task scheduling, memory management, interrupt handling, etc. Proper utilization of these interfaces is crucial for ensuring deterministic system operation. Creating effective real-time drivers necessitates a thorough grasp of both hardware functionality and software architecture while meticulously addressing challenges like interrupt handling and resource synchronization.
Advanced Applications of Specific Toolkits
NI开发了一系列专为特定应用设计的工具包，如VeriStand和TestStand，在汽车测试领域发挥着关键作用，并通过基于配置或顺序的方法简化地构建复杂的测试系统。
Advanced Applications of VeriStand: VeriStand is a configurable real-time test and simulation software that enables the creation of test applications without requiring programming. Its advanced functionalities encompass:
Complex Model Integration: Integrating complex simulation models across diverse modeling environments, such as Simulink and Functional Mockup Interface (FMI), to establish large-scale hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) systems. The VeriStand platform supports over 100 types of simulation software. This enables engineers to leverage their familiar modeling tools and achieve seamless integration of models into a unified real-time testing environment.
Custom Devices and Channels: Creating self-made device drivers and channel setups tailored for unconventional hardware and signal types. Self-developed devices enable the integration of third-party hardware or dedicated interfaces within the VeriStand framework.
实时刺激生成与数据记录：设置复杂的一次性刺激序列并进行高速数据记录。VeriStand提供灵活的刺激编辑器和数据记录配置选项以满足多种测试场景的需求。
Real-Time Sequencing of Test Cases Using VeriStand: Employing VeriStand's advanced sequencing features allows the creation of elaborate test workflows that incorporate conditional logic and looping structures. This feature enables the execution of comprehensive test scripts within a real-time framework, encompassing conditional statements, loop constructs, and fault injection simulations.
Advanced Applications of TestStand: TestStand serves as a powerful tool for managing and automating testing processes. It utilizes techniques such as automation for organizing, controlling, and executing automated test sequences. A wide range of advanced functionalities such as scenario-based testing, multi-threaded execution, and robust reporting capabilities are included within the system.
Multi-language Code Module Integration: Combining test code modules written in multiple programming languages, including LabVIEW, C/C++, and Python, among others. TestStand supports 8 widely used programming languages. This flexibility enables teams to utilize their preferred programming languages for developing test code.
Test Sequence Design and Management: Creating intricate test sequences, such as conditional logic branches, loop constructs, parallel processing tasks, etc., and conducting version control operations. TestStand offers robust sequence editors and debugging tools.
Test Report Generation and Database Integration: Tailoring test report formats and disposing of test results in databases with the aim of achieving test data traceability and analysis. Versatile report generation capabilities ensure that the needs of various projects are met.
Parallel Test Execution: Setting up TestStand to run tests in parallel on multi-core processors or multiple test stations can significantly enhance testing efficiency. This is essential for high-throughput applications, including production testing.
Integration with CI/CD Processes: TestStand's open architecture and versatility allow it to integrate seamlessly into modern CI/CD workflows. It enables easy integration via command-line interfaces or APIs, facilitating automated build and test processes. As an enterprise-grade test management platform, TestStandard offers robust features such as user management, permissions control, and data security to meet the demands of large-scale operations.
Performance Optimization and Real-time Requirements
In the domain of automotive testing, particularly within Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) environments and real-time control systems, optimizing system performance while meeting stringent timing requirements presents significant challenges. Maintaining a stable operational state within stringent timing parameters is crucial for achieving overall success.
LabVIEW Real-Time Performance Optimization: In the LabVIEW Real-Time environment, careful attention must be given to code architecture, memory management strategies, and task prioritization settings to ensure deterministic operation with minimal jitter in control loops. Prevent the use of non-real-time functions or operations. Instead, employ real-time FIFOs, shared variables, and other inter-task communication mechanisms as needed.
FPGA Performance Optimization: 基于硬件的LabVIEW FPGA实现了算法并行性，在性能方面优于基于软件实现的系统。 优化FPGA代码需要理解其架构特点，并合理配置资源以确保时序优化。例如，在提高吞吐量的同时采用了流水线技术和并行结构来加速计算。 为了实现高效的硬件设计目标，在使用FPGA资源时需采取有效策略
Data Transfer Optimization: 在分布式的测试系统架构中进行数据传输优化工作是提升传输效率与实时性水平的关键环节，并通过共享内存技术和实时以太网等具体技术手段实现目标。根据系统的具体需求选择相应的通信协议与数据传输策略能够有效提升系统的整体运行效能。
混合计算架构：CompactRIO配对NI-DAQmx采用了混合计算架构融合了实时处理器与FPGA两者，在汽车测试应用中非常适合执行测量与控制任务，并提供多样化的API以加速任务完成。此架构设计使计算资源得以高效配置：将具有极高实时性需求的任务转移至FPGA执行的同时，在实时处理器上安置控制逻辑与数据处理流程，从而实现高效率与灵活性并存。该层级化架构充分挖掘了不同计算单元的优势。借助LabVIEW的性能分析工具可识别代码中的瓶颈并指导优化策略
FPGA Programming
FPGAs have become an increasingly significant component in automotive testing. Notably, they excel particularly in high-bandwidth signal processing, high-speed control systems, and hardware simulation applications. The LabVIEW FPGA module provides a straightforward approach for engineers without knowledge of hardware description languages such as VHDL and Verilog to engage in FPGA programming. This effectively reduces the barrier to FPGA development.
Sensor Signal Simulation and Processing: FPGAs are capable of performing real-time simulations of sensor signals, including radar and camera data. Additionally, they are used for preprocessing these signals through techniques such as filtering and feature extraction. The parallel processing capability enables FPGAs to manage high sampling frequencies and massive volumes of data from various sensors.
High-Speed Control Loops: These systems are designed for high-frequency operations and precise timing, commonly found in applications like motor drives and power electronics. Implementing specialized algorithms on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is a practical solution for enhancing performance. The inherent determinism of FPGA-based implementations ensures predictable behavior across all operational modes.
Hardware Protocol Implementation: FPGAs are capable of implementing custom hardware communication protocols or can accelerate the processing of standard protocols. For example, realizing high-speed serial I/O interfaces or parallel data buses.
Model Acceleration: 物理模型必须运行在FPGAs上以实现充分的仿真精度。LabVIEW FPGA可以与通过工具如Simulink生成的HDL代码集成，并且允许在图形环境中直接构建模型。将计算密集型模型部署到FPGAs上可以使仿真速度显著提高。
By employing a visual interface, FPGA logic can be programmed with reduced complexity, thereby minimizing the necessity for extensive expertise in lower-level languages such as VHDL. The LabVIEW FPGA platform, coupled with toolkits like the Digital Filter Design Toolkit, enables rapid development and deployment of signal processing systems onto FPGAs. Graphical programming simplifies the comprehension and troubleshooting of intricate parallel logic. The LabVIEW FPGA environment offers an extensive library of IP cores and functions, further streamlining the development process.
Development Trends
The significant evolution of the automotive industry has introduced new test validation requirements in response to LabVIEW's adaptation efforts. The future of automotive testing increasingly emphasizes the integration of software systems alongside data analysis and automation technologies.
Integration with AI/ML
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML) are steadily incorporated into fields such as autonomous driving, predictive maintenance, and fault diagnosis. LabVIEW is also being explored for integration with AI/ML to enhance the intelligence level of test systems.
AI/ML Model Deployment and Testing: LabVIEW can be utilized for integrating and testing AI/ML models developed in other environments (such as Python-based frameworks like TensorFlow or PyTorch). To illustrate this process, consider the application of AI algorithms for tasks such as object recognition or path planning during ADAS validation. These algorithms can be deployed onto LabVIEW's real-time systems to conduct HIL (Hardware-In-The-Loop) testing. Furthermore, LabVIEW offers interfaces with programming languages such as Python, which simplifies the incorporation of external AI/ML libraries into its environment.
AI/ML-Based Test Data Analysis: Leveraging LabVIEW's advanced data processing features alongside external AI/ML libraries or cloud-based solutions enables the examination of vast quantities of test data to identify possible problems and enhance testing methodologies. By implementing predictive maintenance through techniques such as big data analytics and edge-based machine learning (ML), the system ensures consistent delivery of high-quality output during camera module calibration and testing (CMAT) operations. The system aids in extracting meaningful insights from large volumes of test data to enable more intelligent decision-making.
AI/ML Applications in Fault Diagnosis: LabVIEW offers a diverse toolkit comprising a wide array of algorithms encompassing time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis, wavelet-based techniques, and neural network methodologies alongside advanced signal processing capabilities. By integrating AI/ML technologies, the precision and automation levels in fault diagnosis are significantly enhanced. Through training models to identify fault signatures, improved speed and precision in pinpointing faults are achievable. Additionally, AI/ML techniques can optimize test case generation to enhance coverage and efficiency.
Functional Safety Certification (ISO 26262)
ISO 26262 represents the functional safety standard for automotive embedded systems, mandating stringent requirements for their development and test phases. LabVIEW and its associated toolset aid in ensuring ISO 26262 compliance by assisting engineers in developing test setups that meet requisite safety standards.
Certification of Test Tools: The process of issuing certificates for test tools in compliance with ISO 26262 standards plays a crucial role in ensuring functional safety. LabVIEW and other NI software tools, such as TestStand and VeriStand, must supply the necessary documentation required by these standards when developing or testing safety-critical systems. The standard outlines specifications for evaluating and qualifying test tools, detailing three distinct error detection levels: High Confidence (TD1), Medium Confidence (TD2), and Low Confidence (TD3). NI offers comprehensive certification kits and guides designed to facilitate compliance with these standards during system development and testing.
Test Process Support: LabVIEW is capable of implementing a range of testing activities mandated by ISO 26262, including unit, integration, system, and HIL tests. Its advanced automated testing features enhance the thoroughness and consistency of test processes. The TestStand tool ensures traceability between test cases and their corresponding safety requirements.
Requirement Traceability and Management: However, LabVIEW by itself does not serve as a requirement management tool; instead, it facilitates traceability between test cases and functional safety requirements through integration with complementary tools. Integration with established requirement management systems such as DOORS or Polarion constitutes the essential pathway toward achieving comprehensive end-to-end traceability.
Fault Injection and Safety Mechanism Validation: LabVIEW提供的故障注入能力对于验证安全机制在故障发生时的行为至关重要（它是ISO 26262测试中的一个重要组成部分）。通过模拟各种故障场景进行测试后发现，在故障发生时安全机制能够迅速有效地响应并使系统进入安全状态。评估系统安全性时的安全函数覆盖率是一个关键指标。
Applications in the Context of Software-Defined Vehicles (SDV)
Software-defined vehicles signify the forward-looking trend of the automotive industry, with software controlling vehicle functions and enabling regular Over-The-Air (OTA) updates. This introduces increasing complexity to test validation, necessitating more adaptable and streamlined approaches.
Software Testing and Simulation: With the shift in automotive E/E architectures from distributed to centralized configurations, both the scale and intricacy of software systems are steadily increasing, thereby enhancing the significance of software testing and simulation. LabVIEW's application in key testing phases, including Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL), is projected to play an increasingly vital role. There will be a notable surge in the demand for automated testing methods targeting complex software modules and functions.
**CI/CD集成：**SDV依赖于快速迭代和频繁更新的需求，在整合测试流程时必须与CI/CD流程实现强整合。LabVIEW和TestStand的路线图旨在提供开放且可适应的开发方法以无缝协作于现代CI/CD流程及安全平台。自动化测试在CI/CD流程中扮演着关键角色。
Domain Controller/Central Computing Platform Testing: SDV架构主要依赖中央计算平台或域控制器。使用LabVIEW能够进行包括接口测试、通信测试和安全测试在内的复杂平台功能与性能的评估。为了实现对高性能计算平台的有效测试，在硬件仿真能力和数据采集能力方面提出了较高要求。
Virtual Function Testing: LabVIEW allows the creation of virtual ECU test environments by imitating ECU functions and conducting tests, facilitating software development and testing before hardware is available. Virtual function implementation can significantly enhance testing efficiency in the early stages of product development.
OTA Update Testing (Speculation): Although research findings do not explicitly highlight LabVIEW's role in OTA update testing, taking into account its expertise in HIL-based systems and automation capabilities, it becomes evident that LabVIEW is capable of modeling diverse operational conditions during the OTA update phase (such as network instability issues or power loss events). Accurately simulating these scenarios is essential for maintaining updates’ reliability. Furthermore, SDV demands a robust test infrastructure capable of readily accommodating hardware-software co-evolutionary dynamics.
Integration with Other Platforms (ROS, AUTOSAR, Cloud Connectivity)
The automotive domain's complexity demands the interoperability of diverse tools and platforms. LabVIEW's openness enables it to interoperately integrate with mainstream platforms, thereby constructing heterogeneous testing solutions.
ROS Integration: ROS（机器人操作系统）在机器人技术和自动驾驶领域得到了广泛应用。ROS for LabVIEW实现了LabVIEW与ROS之间的无缝集成，并通过提供图形化编程能力使得LabVIEW用户能够实现与及控制机器人系统的通信与操作。这使得LabVIEW成为开发和测试感知、规划和控制模块的理想平台。
AUTOSAR Integration: The established framework of AUTOSAR serves as a cornerstone for automotive software architecture. LabVIEW offers developers the ability to design test models that verify AUTOSAR compatibility and ensure seamless integration into the system. By leveraging these models, developers can thoroughly assess the interaction between different components before deployment. The functionality of AUTOSAR-compliant software components, such as sensors and control units, can be effectively evaluated using a LabVIEW HIL (Hardware in the Loop) system. Additionally, LabVIEW provides simulation environments where applications can test the performance of the AUTOSAR RTE (Runtime Environment) or other BSW (Basic Software) modules under diverse operating conditions.
Cloud Connectivity and Remote Diagnostics: LabVIEW's advanced data acquisition and analysis features, coupled with its extensive support for diverse communication protocols, enable it to serve as a robust platform for constructing cloud-connected test systems. These systems facilitate remote diagnostics along with comprehensive test data analysis. For instance, integrating LabVIEW with cloud computing technologies enables automated drone inspections and fault diagnosis. Through a web interface, drone inspection equipment can be connected to LabVIEW, which then performs real-time data acquisition via DAQ (Data Acquisition) technology. The collected data is subsequently transmitted online using DataSocket technology and uploaded to a centralized cloud server for in-depth fault analysis and diagnosis. This innovative approach can also be extended into the automotive sector for remote monitoring, data analytics, and software updates. Cloud connectivity ensures that test data is centrally managed and accessible for comprehensive analysis, thereby fostering efficient remote collaboration among teams engaged in diagnostics.
Except for Simulink, LabVIEW also integrates with a variety of compatible modeling tools that adhere to Modelica and FMI (Functional Mock-up Interface) standards. Such integration further enhances its capabilities in Model-in-the-Loop (MIL) and Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) testing. Open interfaces and standardized protocols are crucial for achieving seamless toolchain synergy.
The following Visual representation demonstrates a step-by-step procedure for building a HIL test system collaboratively using LabVIEW and Simulink, showing how different tools contribute to the entire workflow.
A（Simulink模型开发）与B（导出模型（例如RTW、FMI））之间存在关联关系；
B与C（基于LabVIEW的实时系统）之间存在关联关系；
C与D（NI PXI/CompactRIO硬件）之间存在关联关系；
D与E（信号处理）之间存在关联关系；
E与F（ECU——待测设备）之间存在关联关系；
F返回至E；
E连接至D；
D返回至C；
C与G（基于LabVIEW的主PC——测试管理）之间存在关联关系；
G返回至C；
G与H（测试台——自动化测试）之间存在关联关系；
H返回至G；
G连接至K（数据库/MES/ERP系统）；
I也连接至K系统；
H返回至K系统。
Figure 1: 简化的流程图展示LabVIEW与Simulink协作式HIL测试系统构建过程，并涉及数据管理整合
Selection Considerations in Specific Application Scenarios
When selecting a test toolchain, it becomes essential to evaluate potential options within distinct application contexts and requirements. Notably, no singular tool can be universally applicable; instead, the best practice often involves leveraging the strengths of multiple tools.
Control Algorithm Validation: MATLAB/Simulink is commonly regarded as an ideal solution for control algorithm validation due to its robust modeling and simulation features, which enable the implementation of diverse control strategies in a comprehensive array of control system design toolboxes.
HIL测试：LabVIEW、dSPACE、Speedgoat等是被广泛采用的HIL平台。选择主要取决于实时性需求、I/O需求、预算限制、易用性以及与现有工具链的兼容性等因素。在华市场中具有竞争力的NI-PXI平台凭借其灵活性、开放性和相对亲民的价格尤其适合那些需要高度定制化I/O和FPGA应用的项目
Manufacturing Test: LabVIEW以其图形化编程和集成多种硬件与仪器的能力，在生产测试中得到了广泛应用。特别是针对高通量和灵活配置的端到端测试需求方面。TestStand则提供强大的测试序列管理和报告生成能力，并在生产环境中表现出色。
**低层硬件控制与定制化实现：**通过结合FPGA模块的LabVIEW提供了一种强大的低层硬件控制与定制化实现方式。该方案特别适用于需要高性能I/O接口或自定义硬件接口的应用场景，并支持例如高频信号生成、高速数据采集以及定制化的通信协议实现等复杂需求。
Automated Test Management:** Tools among TestStand and AutomationDesk offer robust test sequence management and automation capabilities, making them capable of handling large-scale and intricate testing endeavors. This ensures that the testing process can be reliably repeated and its results can be traced back accurately.
Challenges and Solutions
Despite being significantly used in the automotive industry, LabVIEW still encounters difficulties that necessitate the implementation of suitable measures to address.
Design, Development, and Maintenance of Complex Systems: As the complexity of automotive systems increases, constructing and maintaining large-scale test systems using LabVIEW-based systems face greater challenges. These challenges necessitate robust architectural designs and effective project management practices.
Solution:** 采用了层次化的编程方法，并利用LabVIEW的项目管理功能遵循软件工程最佳实践进行开发。通过使用TestStand等工具来管理测试流程以提高可维护性。引入版本控制系统（如Git）以及持续集成工具以促进团队协作和代码管理。
Attaining High Computational Efficiency and Real-Time Processing Capability: The system must process high-bandwidth signals, handle intensive computational workloads such as complex models and large-scale parallel tasks, while maintaining real-time processing capability and system-wide operational efficiency. This presents a substantial challenge to system architects.
Solution: 充分利用其优势（LabVIEW RT和FPGA模块），将具有高实时性要求的任务分配至FPGA以实现这一目标。通过减少不必要的操作来优化代码结构。由高性能硬件平台完成这一过程。通过使用LabVIEW的性能分析工具来进一步优化并实现这一目标
Integration with Other Toolchains: While LabVIEW is known for its ability to integrate with various tools, in real-world applications, challenges like version mismatches and interface compatibility issues often arise.
Solution
Talent Development: Proficiency in LabVIEW and its applications within the automotive sector involves a notable learning curve, particularly when it comes to FPGA programming and real-time system development.
Solution: 加强内部技能培训，并充分利用NI提供的在线教育资源和认证课程。与高校合作培养相关的人才。鼓励工程师在实际项目中参与并积累经验。建立内部知识共享机制以促进团队成员之间的学习与交流
Future Outlook
Looking forward, LabVIEW will continue to play a more significant role within the automotive sector, driven by advancements in software-defined vehicles, autonomous driving technologies, and the rise of electric vehicles. These developments will offer new development opportunities while also presenting challenges for LabVIEW.
Core Platform for SDV Test Validation: LabVIEW is anticipated to emerge as a key platform supporting the entire workflow encompassing software unit testing and vehicle-level HIL testing. It will deeply integrate with CI/CD pipelines. The growing significance of software in vehicles necessitates a persistent increase in demand for automated and scalable testing platforms.
AI/ML Testing and Deployment: LabVIEW will enhance the deployment and validation of AI/ML models on real-time systems, satisfying the requirements of applications such as autonomous driving. In the future, LabVIEW may offer more comprehensive AI/ML toolkits or establish closer integration with mainstream AI frameworks.
Functional Safety and Cybersecurity: The toolchain of LabVIEW aims to significantly enhance support for functional safety standards such as ISO 26262. With increased vehicle connectivity, cybersecurity becomes a growing concern; consequently, it is anticipated that the LabVIEW platform will offer tailored test solutions. In terms of functional safety, integrating LabVIEW into automotive systems is expected to boost system reliability. This integration ensures compliance with ISO 26262 standards; moreover, it supports advanced security measures required in automotive environments.
Cloud Connectivity and Big Data: LabVIEW test systems will be more closely integrated with cloud platforms to enable centralized management, analysis, and remote access of test data. This integration will support big data-driven test optimization and predictive maintenance. Cloud platforms will play an increasingly vital role in the storage, processing, and analysis of test data.
Emerging Integration Capabilities: LabVIEW will steadily integrate emerging technologies, including (e.g., VR/AR) Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality and Digital Twins, to enable more intuitive and efficient test validation methods. The following approaches will be employed: utilizing VR/AR technology for visualizing test scenarios or constructing digital twin models for virtual testing.
Edge Computing and Distributed Testing: When automotive E/E architectures advance toward domain controllers, it's plausible that test systems will adopt a distributed architecture as well. The utilization of LabVIEW across edge computing platforms, particularly those like CompactRIO, is expected to expand significantly. This technology will enable data collection and processing to occur nearer to the system under evaluation.
Conclusion
With its distinctive graphical interface and robust hardware integration features, LabVIEW showcases remarkable vitality across diverse critical application domains within the automotive sector. These include high integrity loop testing (HIL), manufacturing processes optimization, advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) validation protocols, battery management system (BMS) testing methodologies, and on-vehicle information娱乐系统 (IVIS) evaluation frameworks. By integrating low-level driver enhancements, applying specific toolkit functionalities with enhanced precision, optimizing performance for real-time responsiveness, and leveraging FPGA-based programming techniques to enhance computational efficiency, LabVIEW equips engineers with the necessary tools to meet escalating demands for rigorous test validation in the automotive industry. Its open architecture facilitates seamless integration with a variety of hardware and software components to develop tailored testing solutions that address evolving industry requirements.
Facing development trends such as software-defined vehicles, AI/ML, and functional safety, LabVIEW is actively evolving, strengthening integration with other toolchains (such as Simulink, ROS, AUTOSAR) and cloud platforms to provide more comprehensive, flexible, and efficient solutions. Although facing some challenges, such as the development and maintenance of complex systems and talent development, these challenges can be overcome by adopting modular design, optimizing performance, strengthening integration, and continuously investing in talent development. The application prospects of LabVIEW in the automotive field remain broad, especially in the context of the rapid development of new energy vehicles and intelligent connected vehicles in the Chinese market. LabVIEW and its ecosystem will continue to play a key role in assisting the innovation and development of the automotive industry, providing a solid test validation foundation for the electrification and intelligence transformation of vehicles.