手把手教你学simulink（30.1）--电力电子场景示例：基于Simulink的智能微电网（Microgrid）设计与优化

 % 添加太阳能光伏模块

    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Renewable Energy Sources/Photovoltaic Panel', 'PV_Panel');
    
  
    
 % 设置光伏面板参数
    
 set_param('PV_Panel', 'NominalPower', '5'); % 额定功率为5 kW
    
 set_param('PV_Panel', 'NominalVoltage', '400'); % 额定电压为400 V
    
 set_param('PV_Panel', 'NominalCurrent', '12.5'); % 额定电流为12.5 A
    
  
    
 % 添加光照强度和温度信号生成模块
    
 add_block('simulink/Sources/Signal Builder', 'Solar_Irradiance');
    
 set_param('Solar_Irradiance', 'TimeValues', [0, 6, 12, 18, 24], 'SignalValues', [0, 200, 1000, 200, 0]); % 不同时段的光照强度
    
  
    
 add_block('simulink/Sources/Signal Builder', 'Temperature');
    
 set_param('Temperature', 'TimeValues', [0, 6, 12, 18, 24], 'SignalValues', [15, 20, 30, 25, 15]); % 不同时段的温度
    
  
    
 % 连接光照强度和温度到光伏面板
    
 connect_blocks('Solar_Irradiance', 'PV_Panel');
    
 connect_blocks('Temperature', 'PV_Panel');

 % 添加风力发电机模块

    
 add_block('simscape/driveline/Generators/Wind Turbine Generator', 'Wind_Turbine');
    
  
    
 % 设置风力发电机参数
    
 set_param('Wind_Turbine', 'RatedPower', '100'); % 额定功率为100 kW
    
 set_param('Wind_Turbine', 'CutInSpeed', '3'); % 切入风速为3 m/s
    
 set_param('Wind_Turbine', 'RatedSpeed', '12'); % 额定风速为12 m/s
    
 set_param('Wind_Turbine', 'CutOutSpeed', '25'); % 切出风速为25 m/s
    
  
    
 % 添加风速信号生成模块
    
 add_block('simulink/Sources/Signal Builder', 'Wind_Speed');
    
 set_param('Wind_Speed', 'TimeValues', [0, 6, 12, 18, 24], 'SignalValues', [5, 8, 15, 10, 5]); % 不同时段的风速
    
  
    
 % 连接风速到风力发电机
    
 connect_blocks('Wind_Speed', 'Wind_Turbine');

 % 添加电池储能系统模块

    
 add_block('battery/Lithium-Ion Battery', 'BESS');
    
  
    
 % 设置电池参数
    
 set_param('BESS', 'NominalCapacity', '100'); % 额定容量为100 kWh
    
 set_param('BESS', 'NominalVoltage', '400'); % 额定电压为400 V
    
 set_param('BESS', 'InitialSOC', '0.5'); % 初始荷电状态为50%
    
  
    
 % 添加双向DC-DC变换器模块
    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Power Electronics/Bidirectional DC-DC Converter', 'DC_DC_Converter');
    
  
    
 % 设置双向DC-DC变换器参数
    
 set_param('DC_DC_Converter', 'SwitchingFrequency', '100e3'); % 开关频率为100 kHz
    
  
    
 % 连接电池储能系统到双向DC-DC变换器
    
 connect_blocks('BESS', 'DC_DC_Converter');

 function [duty_cycle] = mpptControl(pv_voltage, pv_current)

    
     % 计算光伏阵列的输出功率
    
     power = pv_voltage * pv_current;
    
  
    
     % 使用扰动观察法（P&O）实现MPPT
    
     if power > last_power
    
     duty_cycle = duty_cycle + 0.01; % 增加占空比
    
     else
    
     duty_cycle = duty_cycle - 0.01; % 减小占空比
    
     end
    
  
    
     % 更新上一时刻的功率
    
     last_power = power;
    
 end

 function [charging_power] = constantPowerControl(target_power, current_power)

    
     % 设置恒定功率控制
    
     if current_power < target_power
    
     charging_power = target_power; % 按照目标功率充电
    
     else
    
     charging_power = 0; % 充电完成，停止充电
    
     end
    
 end

 % 添加关键负荷模块

    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Elements/Resistor', 'Critical_Load');
    
 set_param('Critical_Load', 'Resistance', '10'); % 关键负荷电阻为10 Ω
    
  
    
 % 添加非关键负荷模块
    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Elements/Resistor', 'Non_Critical_Load');
    
 set_param('Non_Critical_Load', 'Resistance', '20'); % 非关键负荷电阻为20 Ω
    
  
    
 % 连接负荷到微电网
    
 connect_blocks('Critical_Load', 'Microgrid');
    
 connect_blocks('Non_Critical_Load', 'Microgrid');

 function [adjusted_power] = dynamicLoadAdjustment(available_power, critical_load_power, non_critical_load_power)

    
     % 计算剩余功率
    
     remaining_power = available_power - critical_load_power;
    
  
    
     % 动态调整非关键负荷功率
    
     if remaining_power >= non_critical_load_power
    
     adjusted_power = non_critical_load_power; % 完全满足非关键负荷需求
    
     else
    
     adjusted_power = remaining_power; % 根据剩余功率调整非关键负荷
    
     end
    
 end

 % 添加状态机模块

    
 add_block('stateflow/Chart', 'Mode_Switching');
    
  
    
 % 设置状态机逻辑
    
 set_param('Mode_Switching', 'States', {'GridConnected', 'Islanded'});
    
 set_param('Mode_Switching', 'Transitions', {
    
     'GridConnected -> Islanded: grid_frequency < min_frequency || grid_voltage < min_voltage',
    
     'Islanded -> GridConnected: grid_frequency >= min_frequency && grid_voltage >= min_voltage'
    
 });
    
  
    
 % 连接状态机到电网
    
 connect_blocks('Mode_Switching', 'Grid');

 % 添加锁相环（PLL）模块

    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Additional Components/PLL', 'PLL');
    
  
    
 % 设置锁相环参数
    
 set_param('PLL', 'Kp', '10'); % 比例增益
    
 set_param('PLL', 'Ki', '1'); % 积分增益
    
  
    
 % 连接锁相环到电网
    
 connect_blocks('PLL', 'Grid');

 % 添加频率控制器模块

    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Additional Components/Frequency Controller', 'Freq_Controller');
    
  
    
 % 设置频率控制器参数
    
 set_param('Freq_Controller', 'Kp', '10'); % 比例增益
    
 set_param('Freq_Controller', 'Ki', '1'); % 积分增益
    
  
    
 % 添加电压控制器模块
    
 add_block('simscape/electrical/Specialized Power Systems/Additional Components/Voltage Controller', 'Volt_Controller');
    
  
    
 % 设置电压控制器参数
    
 set_param('Volt_Controller', 'Kp', '10'); % 比例增益
    
 set_param('Volt_Controller', 'Ki', '1'); % 积分增益
    
  
    
 % 连接控制器到微电网
    
 connect_blocks('Freq_Controller', 'Microgrid');
    
 connect_blocks('Volt_Controller', 'Microgrid');

 function [power_commands] = ruleBasedEMS(grid_power, renewable_power, load_power, battery_soc)

    
     % 初始化功率命令
    
     power_commands = struct('Grid', 0, 'Renewable', 0, 'Battery', 0);
    
  
    
     % 规则1：优先使用可再生能源
    
     if renewable_power >= load_power
    
     power_commands.Renewable = load_power;
    
     else
    
     % 规则2：当可再生能源不足时，使用电池储能系统
    
     if battery_soc > 0.2
    
         power_commands.Battery = load_power - renewable_power;
    
     else
    
         % 规则3：当电池储能系统电量不足时，从主网获取电能
    
         power_commands.Grid = load_power - renewable_power;
    
     end
    
     end
    
 end

 function [power_commands] = optimizationBasedEMS(grid_power, renewable_power, load_power, battery_soc, price_signal)

    
     % 定义优化变量
    
     x = optimvar('x', 3, 'LowerBound', 0, 'UpperBound', [grid_power, renewable_power, battery_soc]);
    
  
    
     % 定义目标函数
    
     objective = sum(x .* price_signal);
    
  
    
     % 定义约束条件
    
     constraints = [
    
     x(1) + x(2) + x(3) == load_power; % 功率平衡约束
    
     x(1) <= grid_power; % 主网功率约束
    
     x(2) <= renewable_power; % 可再生能源功率约束
    
     x(3) <= battery_soc; % 电池储能系统电量约束
    
     ];
    
  
    
     % 求解优化问题
    
     problem = optimproblem('Objective', objective, 'Constraints', constraints);
    
     solution = solve(problem);
    
  
    
     % 获取最优功率命令
    
     power_commands = struct('Grid', solution.x(1), 'Renewable', solution.x(2), 'Battery', solution.x(3));
    
 end

 % 添加短路故障检测模块

    
 add_block('fault_detection/Fault Detector', 'Short_Circuit_Detector');
    
  
    
 % 设置短路故障检测参数
    
 set_param('Short_Circuit_Detector', 'Threshold', '1000'); % 短路电流阈值为1000 A
    
  
    
 % 连接短路故障检测到微电网
    
 connect_blocks('Short_Circuit_Detector', 'Microgrid');

 % 添加过载保护模块

    
 add_block('protection_devices/Overload Protector', 'Overload_Protector');
    
  
    
 % 设置过载保护参数
    
 set_param('Overload_Protector', 'Threshold', '500'); % 过载电流阈值为500 A
    
  
    
 % 连接过载保护到微电网
    
 connect_blocks('Overload_Protector', 'Microgrid');

 % 添加电价信号生成模块

    
 add_block('simulink/Sources/Signal Builder', 'Price_Signal');
    
  
    
 % 设置电价信号
    
 set_param('Price_Signal', 'TimeValues', [0, 6, 12, 18, 24], 'SignalValues', [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1]); % 不同时段的电价

 % 添加维护成本计算模块

    
 add_block('financial_toolbox/Financial Instruments/Maintenance Cost', 'Maintenance_Cost');
    
  
    
 % 设置维护成本参数
    
 set_param('Maintenance_Cost', 'AnnualCost', '5000'); % 年度维护成本为5000元
    
 set_param('Maintenance_Cost', 'Lifetime', '10'); % 设备寿命为10年
    
  
    
 % 连接维护成本到系统
    
 connect_blocks('Maintenance_Cost', 'System_Model');

 % 添加经济性评估模块

    
 add_block('financial_toolbox/Financial Instruments/Net Present Value', 'NPV_Analysis');
    
  
    
 % 设置经济性评估参数
    
 set_param('NPV_Analysis', 'DiscountRate', '0.05'); % 折现率为5%
    
  
    
 % 连接经济性评估到系统
    
 connect_blocks('NPV_Analysis', 'System_Model');

 % 添加碳排放计算模块

    
 add_block('sustainability_toolbox/Carbon Emissions', 'Carbon_Emissions');
    
  
    
 % 设置碳排放参数
    
 set_param('Carbon_Emissions', 'EmissionFactor', '0.5'); % 每千瓦时的碳排放系数为0.5 kg CO2
    
  
    
 % 连接碳排放到系统
    
 connect_blocks('Carbon_Emissions', 'System_Model');

 % 添加可再生能源利用率计算模块

    
 add_block('sustainability_toolbox/Renewable Energy Utilization', 'RE_Utilization');
    
  
    
 % 设置可再生能源利用率参数
    
 set_param('RE_Utilization', 'RenewablePower', 'renewable_power'); % 可再生能源功率
    
  
    
 % 连接可再生能源利用率到系统
    
 connect_blocks('RE_Utilization', 'System_Model');

 % 添加硬件连接模块

    
 add_block('hils_toolbox/Hardware Interface', 'Hardware_Interface');
    
  
    
 % 设置硬件连接参数
    
 set_param('Hardware_Interface', 'Device', 'PV_Panel'); % 连接到光伏阵列
    
 set_param('Hardware_Interface', 'Port', 'COM1'); % 串口为COM1
    
  
    
 % 连接硬件到系统
    
 connect_blocks('Hardware_Interface', 'System_Model');

 % 启用实时仿真

    
 set_param('System_Model', 'SimulationMode', 'External');
    
  
    
 % 启动实时仿真
    
 sim('System_Model');