学校与教育-英文

标题

• 引言
  • 基础场景词汇与应用方法
  • 学校
    • classroom teaching
    • studying
    • group discussions
    • examinations
    • common vocabulary in scenarios
    • 学校设施
      • educating staff
      • school resources
      • learning and examination processes
      • academic qualifications

前言

加油

必学场景词汇及用法

学校

1 apply[əˈplaɪ]vi．申请 apply for…．申请……I applied for a scholarship while I was studying in the US. 我在美国读书时提交了一份申请奖学金的表格。
2 admit[ədˈmɪt]vt．使入会/入学（常用被动） be admitted to…．被……录取 I was happy upon learning that I was admitted to Harvard. 听取消息后我感到非常高兴。
3 enroll[ɪnˈrol]vt．招收&vi．注册（与介词in连用）enroll in…．修读……；加入……Our university enrolls students from home and abroad. 我们的学校为国内外学生提供招生服务。
4 attend[əˈtɛnd]vt．参加 attend senior / junior high school 念高/初中= go to senior / junior high school My goal is to attend Harvard University. 我的目标是到哈佛大学继续学业。
5 discipline[ˈdɪsəplɪn]n.（院校）专业；纪律&vt．训练，管教 disciplined[ˈdɪsəplɪnd]adj．守纪律的 school discipline 校规 The college has set up an array of English-related disciplines. 该学院已开设一系列英语相关的专业。
6 educate[ˈɛdʒəˌket]vt．教育 educational[ˌɛdʒəˈkeʃən]adj．教育性的Parents are under an obligation to educate their children. 父母有义务培养子女的成长。
7 graduate[ˈgrædʒuˌet]vi．毕业 graduate from…．从……毕业 Soon after Lisa graduated from college, she went on to law school. 希望明年毕业后她能进入法学院深造。
8 abroad[əˈbrɔd]adv．在国外 study abroad 留学 I plan to study abroad next year. 明年出国深造是我计划的一部分。
9 impart[ɪmˈpart]vt．传授（知识）；分给 impart A to B 将A分给BOur university aims to impart practical knowledge to our students. 我们的学校旨在培养实用型人才。
10 academic[ˌækəˈdɛmɪk]adj．学术的academic performance学业表现；成绩 John’s academic performance has been impressive this year. 今年约翰的学习成绩十分优异。

上课

register[ˈrɛdʒɪstə]vt．登记；注册 registration [ˌrɛdʒɪˈstreʃə]n．登记；注册 register for… sign up for… 注册……Have you registered for your class? 你报名选修你的课程了吗？You have already registered（for/with）your course. 你已经注册（为/与）你的课程了？ registration fee 报名费 Have you signed up（for/with）your class? 你已经报名选修你的课程了吗？

withdraw[wɪdˈwəʊ]v．中途退选（三种状态：withdraw, withdrew [wɪdˈwʊ], withdrawn [wɪdˈwəʊ]） drop[drap]v．退出…… withdraw from… 中途退选……I withdrew from that course because of my heavy course load. 我想要退出这门课是因为我的课程负担太重了……I’m thinking of dropping a class. 我在考虑退选一门课……

attendance [əˈtɛndəns]n．出席；参与 attend at a meeting 参加会议 attend to duties 照顾职责 The professor takes attendance every day 教授每天点名……What will happen if I don’t meet the minimum class attendance? 如果我达不到最低出勤率会怎么样……How many students were present at the meeting? 会议有多少学生出席……

present[ˈprɛz[插图]t]adj．出席某物 attend an event 出席活动 attend to duties 照顾职责 How many students were present at the meeting? 会议有多少学生出席……Be present at a function 出席活动 attend to an appointment 照顾约会 How many students were present at the meeting? 会议有多少学生出席……

absence [ˈæbsəns]n．缺席 absent[ˈæbsənt]adj．未参加某事 be absent from… 不参加某事 An unexcused absence will take points off your final grade 无故缺席会让期末成绩扣分 Mary is absent from class because she has a cold 玛丽没来上课因为她感冒了

学习

21learn[l[插图]n]vt.&vi．学习learn one’s lesson得到教训Studying abroad is a good opportunity to learn English.出国留学是学英文的好机会。"I hope you’ve learned your lesson, " said Tom’s mother.汤姆的妈妈说：“我希望你已得到教训。”22absorb[əbˈsɔrb]vt．吸收absorb information / knowledge吸收信息/知识be absorbed in…．专注于……Mary was absorbed in her book and didn’t hear me calling her name.玛丽专注于看书，没有听到我喊她的名字。
23assignment [əˈsaɪnmənt] n．作业assign[əˈsaɪn]vt．分配；指派assign sb to v．指派某人做……Helen managed to finish the assignment on time.海伦设法按时完成作业。The teacher assigned the tallest student to erase the blackboard.老师指定那位最高的学生去擦黑板。24hand in / turn in 上交（作业）Henry is yet to turn in his term paper.亨利还没交学期报告。25recite[rɪˈsaɪt]vt．背诵，详述John can recite the poem word for word from beginning to end.约翰可以从头到尾逐字背诵那首诗。
26pay off 取得成功，得到好结果John’s hard work paid off in the end ─ he got an A in Chemistry.约翰的辛苦最终有了回报——他化学得了A。27progress[ˈpragrəs]n．进步&[prəˈgrɛs]vi．进步make progress进步I have made much progress in my oral English.我的英语口语已经进步很多了。Under Mr. Wang’s guidance, John is slowly progressing in English.在王老师的指导下，约翰的英文在慢慢进步。
28confuse[kənˈfjuz]vt．使迷惑confusion [kənˈfjuʒən] n．迷惑be confused about…．对……感到迷惑in confusion困惑I was confused about what to do.我对要做什么感到疑惑。John looked at me in confusion and didn’t answer my question.约翰困惑地看着我，没有回答我的问题。29review[rɪˈvju]n.&vt．复习（=go over）比较：preview[ˈpriˌvju]vt．预习You should review all the lessons before the test.考前你应复习所有的课文。Our English teacher asked us to preview the first lesson before next class.
我们的英文老师要我们在下一堂课前先预习第一课。30revise[rɪˈvaɪz]vt．修改revision [rɪˈvɪʒən] n．修订Bill revised his essay several times before handing it in.比尔把文章做了几次修正后才上交。31simplify[ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪ]vt．使简单化My professor has the ability to simplify complex concepts for students.我的教授能够替学生将复杂的概念简单化。32vivid[ˈvɪvɪd]adj．生动的vividly[ˈvɪvɪdlɪ]adv．生动地vivid memories / dreams清晰的记忆/清楚的梦Professor Smith gave a vivid description of the Civil War.史密斯教授生动地描述了南北战争。

团体讨论

33organize[ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz]vt．组织John and his friends organized a study group to help each other.约翰和他的朋友成立了一个读书会来互相帮助。You can collect and organize your notes before the weekly meeting.你可以在参加周会之前收集并整理好你的笔记。34show up 出席=appear[əˈpɪr]vi.Eric always shows up on time.埃里克总是准时出席。
35discuss[dɪˈskʌs]vt．讨论discussion [dɪˈskʌʃən] n．讨论discuss sth with sb和某人讨论某事be under discussion在讨论中The professor discussed his opinions with us.教授和我们讨论他的意见。The plan is under discussion.这计划还在讨论中。36come up with…．想出（点子、方法）= think up…How did you come up with such a good idea?你如何想出这么棒的点子？
37stray off topic 偏离话题Lucy hinted that John had strayed off topic.露西暗示说约翰偏离了话题。38hit the nail on the head 一针见血；说中要点Tom’s talk on this issue hit the nail on the head.汤姆在这个问题上的言论说中了要点。39interject[ˌɪntɚˈdʒɛkt]vt.&vi．插话May I interject?我可以插句话吗？
40clarify[ˈklærəˌfaɪ]vt．阐明clarification [ˌklærəfəˈkeʃən] n．澄清；净化seek clarification of…．要求澄清……Would you please clarify your first point for me?可否请你向我阐明你的第一个观点？I’m seeking clarification of your argument.请澄清你的论点。41perspective [pɚˈspɛktɪv] n．角度，观点from a…perspective从……角度来看Jenny’s statement lends a fresh perspective to the subject.珍妮的阐述为这个议题提供了新的视角。This problem needs to be dealt with from a legal perspective.这个问题需要从法律的角度来处理。
42take turns to do sth．轮流（做）……In the past, we had to take turns to use computers in the library.我们以前在图书馆必须轮流使用电脑。

考试

43examination [ɪgˌzæməˈneʃən] n．考试；检查（常缩为exam [ɪgˈzæm]）examine[ɪgˈzæmɪn]vt．检视take an exam参加考试pass / fail an exam考试及格/不及格make-up test / exam补考You should study hard in order to pass the exam.你应该努力学习以便通过考试。Nearly 200 students in our school failed the entrance exam.我们学校有近200位学生在入学考试时落榜了。44prepare[prɪˈpɛr]vt.&vi．准备prepared[prɪˈpɛrd]adj．准备好的preparation [ˌprɛpəˈreʃən] n．准备，预备prepare for a test（学生）准备考试be prepared for sth为某事已准备妥当
= be all set for sthmake preparations for…．准备……= prepare for…in preparation for…．准备……John is busy preparing for the test.约翰正忙着准备考试。They are making preparations for the prince’s birthday party.他们正在为王子的生日派对做准备。Many students are studying in the library in preparation for the finals.许多学生正在图书馆念书以准备期末考试。
45cram[kræm]vi.&n．死记硬背cram for a test为考试临时抱佛脚Tonight I have to cram for a test.今晚我得为考试临时抱佛脚。46pull an all-nighter 通宵温习Preparing in advance is better than pulling an all-nighter.考前准备比通宵温习来得好。47grade[gred]n．分数vt．打分数It’s hard to get a good grade in Mr. Liu’s class.在刘老师的课上想获得高分是很难的一件事。The professor spent all weekend grading papers.教授花了整个周末为作业打分数。
48with flying colors（考试）大为成功Eric passed all the exams with flying colors.埃里克以优异成绩通过了所有考试。49receive / get straight A’s 得到全部是优的成绩Bill worked pretty hard this term so he got straight A’s in the final exams.比尔这学期学习非常刻苦，所以他的期末成绩全部都是A。50punctual[ˈpʌŋktʃuəl]adj．准时的，守时的punctuality [ˌpʌŋktʃuˈælətɪ] n．守时Always be punctual for an exam.考试的时候一定要准时。
51cheat[tʃit]vi.&n．作弊cheat sheet小抄= crib [krɪb] n.Daniel was caught cheating on an exam.丹尼尔被抓到在考试中作弊。52disqualify[dɪsˈkwaləˌfaɪ]vt．取消……的资格disqualify sb from…．取消某人……的资格Tom was disqualified from the exam for using cheat sheets.汤姆因为使用小抄而被取消考试资格。53flunk[flʌnk]vt.&vi．未通过（考试）;（课程）不及格John flunked his math test on Friday.= John failed his math test on Friday.约翰星期五的数学考试没及格。
The teacher flunked Amy for never attending class.老师因艾米从不来上课而让她挂科。54bomb[bam]vt.（某科考试）考得很差I bombed the math quiz.我的数学测验考砸了。55by the skin of sb’s teeth 勉强做成I passed the math exam by the skin of my teeth.我勉强通过了数学考试。56drop out of school 退学Mark started his own company after dropping out of university.马克从大学退学以后创办了自己的公司。57expel[ɪkˈspɛl]vt．驱逐；开除expel A from B将A从B中驱逐
Jack was expelled from high school for fighting.杰克因为打架，高中时就被开除了。

情境常用单词

学校设施

1on / off campus 在校内/外
2office / administration building 办公楼
3learning and teaching building 教学大楼
4infirmary [ɪnˈf[插图]mərɪ] n.医务室
5lecture hall 阶梯教室
6auditorium [ˌɔdəˈtɔrɪəm] n.大礼堂
7canteen [kænˈtin] n．食堂
8cafeteria [ˌkæfəˈtɪrɪə] n.自助食堂
9dormitory [ˈdɔrməˌtɔrɪ] n.宿舍（通常简写为dorm [dɔrm]）
10sports field 体育场
11gym [dʒɪm] n．健身房；体操馆（为gymnasium [dʒɪˈnezɪəm] 的缩写）
12stadium [ˈstedɪəm] n.体育场
13notice board 布告栏
14library [ˈlaɪˌbrɛrɪ] n.图书馆
15laboratory [ˈlæbrəˌtɔrɪ] n.实验室（常简称为lab [læb]）
research / language laboratory研究/语言实验室

教学人员

以下是经过同义改写的文本

学校

colleges and faculties: colleges are large institutions offering undergraduate programs, while faculties focus on specific fields of study; the term "college" is often used in the United States, whereas "university" is more common in other English-speaking countries; universities typically encompass a broader range of academic disciplines including research, teaching, and public service

university [ˌjunəˈv[插图]sətɪ] n.大学

graduate school 研究生学院

academy [əˈkædəmɪ] n.专科学院

institute [ˈɪnstətut] n.研究所

department [dɪˈpartmənt] n．系

tuition [tuˈɪʃən] n．学费

scholarship [ˈskalɚˌʃɪp] n.奖学金

student loan 助学贷款

specialized education专才教育

distance learning远程教学

学习考试

56credit [ˈkrɛdɪt] n．学分57GPA (grade point average) 平均成绩点数58semester [səˈmɛstɚ] n.学期59syllabus [ˈsɪləbəs] n.教学大纲，课程大纲60course materials课程教材61reading assignment阅读作业62framework [ˈfremˌw[插图]k] n.框架63outline [ˈautˌlaɪn] n．大纲64laboratory report 实验报告65quiz [kwɪz] n．随堂测验66tutorial [tuˈtɔrɪəl] n.辅导课67thesis [ˈθisɪs] n．论文（复数为theses [ˈθisiz]）68dissertation [ˌdɪsɚˈteʃən] n.毕业论文，专题论文69term paper 期末论文70no-brainer 不费脑筋的事情

学位

The individual holds an academic qualification. Dual academic qualifications represent a dual focus. A bachelor's academic qualification signifies completion of undergraduate studies in a specific discipline, such as arts or science. A master's academic qualification denotes advanced study and research expertise in a particular field. The doctorate in philosophy represents the highest level of academic achievement. An oral examination is typically conducted for thesis defense. A certificate of completion serves as formal recognition upon successful program completion.

赢得了奖学金