【期刊】【Applied Intelligence 应用智能】

Applied Intelligence 应用智能

The International Journal of Research into Intelligent Systems and Their Applications: Real-World Challenges in Complex Problem Solving

Aims and scope 目标和范围

International journal of Applied Intelligence serves as a platform for the dissemination of scientific research and technological achievements achieved through international collaboration. The journal's focus lies in advancing research progress on cutting-edge intelligent systems methodologies and their practical implementations in addressing intricate real-world challenges. The scope of research encompasses natural language and speech interfaces, intelligent robotics, learning methodologies, intelligent decision support systems, evolutionary computing, genetic programming, heuristic methods, intelligent search algorithms, agents-based systems, optimization techniques, neural networks, data mining and pattern recognition, cognitive interaction models, knowledge-based reasoning frameworks, modeling methodologies, planning strategies, scheduling algorithms, classification techniques, clustering analysis approaches in computer vision domain; fuzzy logic applications and control systems; game theory models; intelligent graphics technologies; fault diagnosis methods; pattern recognition techniques; bioinformatics studies; big data processing and stream data analysis; feature selection strategies; advancements in social network systems and recommender engine technologies; distributed and parallel processing architectures; E-service personalization methodologies; as well as emerging hot topics within these domains.

The scholarly journal covers a range of research areas including digital manufacturing intelligence, digital privacy protection technologies, determining potential risks and their impacts on operations and supply chains, sophisticated knowledge-based management frameworks, sophisticated techniques enhancing healthcare delivery systems, and sophisticated methods aiding government decision-making processes. The integration of diverse advanced intelligent strategies in addressing a growing number of highly complex industrial challenges is particularly noteworthy for its significance in advancing practical solutions through innovative approaches.

在解决复杂的现实生活中，整合多种智能方法尤为重要。

The report's primary focus lies in driving forward novel, pioneering, and cutting-edge research and technological innovations rather than merely detailing existing technologies applied to diverse datasets. Researchers are actively developing practical and intricate multidisciplinary solutions to complex challenges such as online medical diagnosis systems, speech communication technology, automatic programming algorithms, dynamic stock market analysis tools with privacy safeguards, and risk assessment methodologies. This journal welcomes such advancements as a catalyst for advancing our understanding in these cutting-edge fields.

Submission guidelines 投稿须知

Contents 内容

• Instructions for Authors作者须知
  • Manuscript Submission 稿件投稿
  • Title Page 扉页
  • Text 发短信
  • Author tools for article preparation用于文章准备的作者工具
  • LaTeX and Online SubmissionLaTeX 和在线提交
  • References 引用
  • Tables 表
  • Artwork and Illustrations Guidelines插图和插图指南
  • Supplementary Information (SI)补充资料 （SI）
  • Research Data Policy and Data Availability Statements研究数据政策和数据可用性声明
  • Editing Services 编辑服务
  • Ethical Responsibilities of Authors作者的道德责任
  • Authorship principles 作者原则
  • Additional Information for Changes to authorship有关作者身份变更的附加信息
  • Compliance with Ethical Standards遵守道德标准
  • Competing Interests 利益争夺
  • After acceptance 验收后
  • Open Choice 开放式选择
• Open access publishing开放获取出版
• Mistakes to avoid during manuscript preparation稿件准备过程中应避免的错误

**Instructions for Authors

作者须知**

Manuscript Submission 投稿

Manuscript Submission 投稿

Submission of a manuscript implies : that the work described has never been published previously; it is not currently under consideration for publication in another location; and its publication has been formally obtained approval from all co-authors (if applicable) and responsible authorities at the institution where the research was conducted, both implicitly and explicitly. Furthermore, in such circumstances, it is important to note that no legal liability will extend to the publisher if there are any claims arising from this publication.

Permissions 权限

Authors must adhere to obtaining permission from copyright holders for both printed and online versions when including figures, tables, or text segments from previously published sources. They must also provide proof of such permissions when submitting their work. Any submissions lacking proper authorization are presumed to originate from the authors.

Online Submission 在线提交

Be guided to click on the hyperlink labeled "Submit manuscript" and be required to upload all your manuscript files according to the instructions displayed.

Source Files 源文件

Please make sure you provide all relevant editable source files at every submission or revision. Failure to submit a comprehensive set of editable source files will cause your article to be excluded from consideration. For your manuscript, please always submit in widely-used word processing formats like .docx or LaTeX.

Title Page 扉页

Ensure that your title page includes the following information.

Title 标题

The title should be concise and informative.
标题应简明扼要，内容丰富。

Author information 作者信息

The name(s) of the author(s)
作者姓名

Author(s)'s affiliations include: institution; department; city; state; country.

A distinct document and a valid email address for the corresponding author.

Provided that an ORCID identifier is accessible, a 16-digit ORCID number is associated with each person(s). 如果有可用的 ORCID 标识符，则每个人员都会有一个与之相关的 16 位 ORCID 数字。

If address information is accompanied by the affiliation(s), it will also have access to publication.

Whenever contributors are (on leave) dissociated from their organization, we will record only their residential city and country, excluding their email addresses unless they explicitly consent.

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, fail to meet our authorship criteria. The assignment of authorship carries significant responsibility, which is impractical for LLMs. The use of an LLM must be accurately recorded in the Methods section or an appropriate alternative section within the manuscript.

Abstract 摘要

请提供一份长度在150至250字之间的摘要。摘要内容不得包含任何未定义的缩写或未明确引用的研究文献。

For life science journals only (when applicable)
仅适用于生命科学期刊（如适用）

The trial registration ID and timestamp for prospective clinical trials

*Registration number and date of registration among retrospectively registered trials, as well as their “retrospectively registered”, will be included in the database.

Keywords 关键字

希望您提供四个至六个作为索引目的的关键字。

**Statements and Declarations

声明和声明**

The following statements should include those under the heading "Statements and Declarations" for their inclusion in the published paper. Please note that any submissions lacking relevant declarations will require correction to avoid being deemed incomplete.

利益冲突： 作者需披露与提交出版的作品直接或间接相关的财务或非财务方面的相关利益，请参见下文以完成本节内容为例获取更多信息

Please refer to the relevant sections in the submission guidelines for more detailed information and also explore various examples of phrasing. To meet specific requirements, it is advisable to redesign or rewrite the sample statements.

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Text 发短信

Authors are advised to utilize the Springer Nature LaTeX template in preparing their submission.

Please make sure that you are provided with all relevant editable source files on each submission or revision.

Text Formatting 文本格式

稿件应以LaTeX格式提交。我们建议使用 Springer Nature 的 LaTeX 模板。提交内容应包含原始来源（包括所有样式文件和图表）以及编译后 PDF 版本的输出。

Headings 标题

It is recommended to employ a decimal system for headings, ensuring no more than three levels.

Abbreviations 缩写

Abbreviations must be introduced at first mention and consistently used throughout the remainder of the document.

Footnotes 脚注

Footnotes may be utilized to provide additional information, which may incorporate the citation of references listed in the reference section. They should neither consist exclusively of nor include any bibliographic details from references. They should also exclude any relevant figures or tables.

文本中的脚注按顺序编号;表中那些脚注则应以上标小写字母标明(或者以星号表示显著性值和其他统计资料)。标题或文章作者的脚注不给予参考符号。

Always use footnotes instead of endnotes.
始终使用脚注而不是尾注。

Acknowledgments 确认

Gratitudes towards individuals, grants, funds, and other forms of support should be dedicated in a separate section on the title page. The names of funding organizations must be fully spelled out.

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**Author tools for article preparation

用于文章准备的作者工具**

Text Formatting 文本格式

Manuscripts must be submitted using LaTeX. It is recommended to utilize Springer’s LaTeX macro package and select the formatting option smallcondensed.

The submitted work must contain the source materials (including all style files and figures) and a PDF copy of the compiled output.

[LaTeX macro package: LaTeX 宏包] (http://static.springer.com/sgw/documents/468198/application/zip/LaTeX_DL_468198_220518.zip "LaTeX macro package: LaTeX 宏包"))

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**LaTeX and Online Submission

LaTeX 和在线提交**

All source files you upload in the online submission system will automatically compile into a single PDF file by the system at the end of your submission process. The compiled PDF serves as a primary document for peer review and ensures that all submitted source files are transferred to the publisher after acceptance.

It is recommended that you avoid using subfolders for your LaTeX submission, such as those used for figures or bibliographic files. Further guidance on uploading and compiling your LaTeX submission can be found on the Springer Nature LaTeX Support hub and https://www.editorialmanager.com/robohelp/17.0/LaTeX_Resources.htm?rhhlterm=latex.

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References 引用

Citation 引文

Referential citations within the text must be clearly marked using numerical values enclosed in square brackets. For instance, see references [1] and [2].

1. Negotiation research spans many disciplines [3].
1. 谈判研究涉及多个学科 [3].

2. This result was subsequently refuted by Becker and Seligman [5].

3. This effect has been widely studied [1-3, 7].
3.这种效应已被广泛研究[1-3,7]。

Reference list 参考列表

the references cited must exclusively encompass those explicitly referenced within the document and those officially approved or published. The personal communications and preprints should be acknowledged solely within the body of this document.

The entries in the list must be sequentially numbered.

When accessible, it is recommended that you consistently incorporate full DOI links into your reference list, for instance, "https://doi.org/abc".

• Journal article 期刊文章

Gamelin等（2xx年）探究青少年儿童高强度间歇训练对心率变异性的影响。 European Journal of Applied Physiology 1xx: 7x–x8. https://doi.org/xxxx

In an ideal scenario, the names of all authors to be provided, although in longer author lists, "et al" is a permissible alternative.

Smith J, Jones M Jr, Houghton L et al (1887) 探讨健康保险的未来. N Engl J Med 46(5):408–412

• Article by DOI 文章作者 DOI

Slifka MK 和 Whitton JL (2023) 探讨了细胞因子产生失衡对临床的影响及其潜在机制。J Mol Med. https://doi.org/1145/678999
Slifka MK 和 Whitton JL （23） 探讨了细胞因子产生失衡的临床意义及其潜在机制研究进展。

• Book 书

South J and Blass B (2001) explored the potential advancements in modern genomics. The book, published by Blackwell in London, delves into the transformative impact of genomic research on contemporary biology.

• Book chapter 书籍章节

Brown B 和 Aaron M（2001）探讨了自然的政治性问题，并将其纳入《现代基因组学的兴起》一书的第3版中的一篇章节讨论中（Smith J 编辑）。该章节详细分析了科学革命中的关键议题。
Brown B 和 Aaron M （2001） 自然政治性及其在现代基因组学发展中的作用被收入《现代基因组学的兴起》一书第3版（Smith J 编辑）。该章节深入探讨了科学革命的核心问题。

• Online document 在线文档

Dr Cartwright (2007) 展示了其发现的主要意义在于揭示了恒星的气候现象及其影响机制，并通过详细的实证分析和理论推导得出了相关结论。研究结果发表于《物理世界》期刊上，并获得了国际天文学联合会的认可

• Dissertation 论文

Dr. Trent JW于1975年完成了《实验性肾脏功能衰竭》的学位论文，在加利福尼亚大学获得。Dr. Trent JW于1975年完成了《Experiential Acute Renal Failure》的学位论文，在加州大学获得。

Whenever employing the standard shortened form of a journal’s name, refer to the ISSN Title Word Abbreviations List for accurate references, see also please refer to the list for further details.

[ISSN.org LTWA, ISSN.org LTWA企业](http://www.issn.org/services/online_services/access_to_the_ltwa/ "访问到" ISSN.org LTWA企业)

Should you have any doubts, please use the full journal title.

Authors when preparing their manuscripts in LaTeX are able to utilize sn-basic.bst, a bibliography style file that integrates sn-basic.bst as a bibliography style file, within the Springer Nature Article Template.

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Tables 表

All tables should be numbered with Arabic numerals.

Tables should be cited in text as a steady numeric sequence.

对于每个表格，请提供一个表格标题（标题），解释该表格的组成部分。

Recognize any previously published work by providing references to its original sources in the form of a citation at the end of the table caption section.

Table footnotes should be indicated by small superscript letters (including asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and placed beneath the table body.

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**Artwork and Illustrations Guidelines

插图和插图指南**

**Electronic Figure Submission

电子数字提交**

• Supply all figures electronically.
  以电子方式提供所有数据。

What graphics program was used to create the artwork?

• recommended formats include EPS for vector graphics and TIFF for halftones. Additionally, MSOffice files are also acceptable.*/

Vector-based graphical content, which includes fonts, are required to have these fonts embedded within the files.

Name your figure files with 'Fig' and the figure number, like Fig1.eps.

Line Art 线条艺术

​

Definition: A monochrome image without any shading.

Avoid using weak or thin lines and/or small typefaces or text elements, and ensure that all lines and lettering within the figures are legible at the final output stage.

• All lines should be at least 0.1 mm (0.3 pt) wide.
  所有线条的宽度应至少为 0.1 毫米（0.3 磅）。

Scanned line art and vector illustrations in bitmap format must have a lowest resolution of 1200 dpi.

SVG files containing fonts must require the fonts to be included in the file sets.

Halftone Art 半色调艺术

​

Explanation: Images such as photographs, drawings and paintings that feature intricate shading techniques like oil paintings watercolor sketches and detailed line work.

Whenever there is any enlargement in photographs, scale bars must be included within the figures themselves to clearly depict the magnification level employed.

The minimum resolution for halftones should be set at 300 dpi.

Combination Art 组合艺术

​

*Definition (see below): consisting of a combination of half-tone and line art, for example, half-tones featuring intricate line drawings, detailed text work, colorful diagram examples, etc.

composite artwork should be designed at a minimum resolution of 600 dpi.

Color Art 色彩艺术

彩色艺术的在线出版是零费用的。

• Ensure that the critical data remains clearly discernible when printed in monochrome.
  Make certain that essential details continue to be legible when rendered in black-and-white.
  When converting colors to grayscale, verify that distinct hues can still be distinguished by checking a sample print.

Only if the figures are printed in black and white, should you avoid referring to color within the captions.

• Color illustrations should be submitted as RGB (8 bits per channel).
  彩色插图应以 RGB（每通道 8 位）格式提交。

Figure Lettering 图刻字

Adding letters, the best choice is to use Helvetica and Arial fonts (sans-serif typefaces).

Maintain consistent sizing for typography within your final artwork piece. Typically ranging from 2 to 3 millimeters (8 to 12 points), commonly used in professional graphic design.

图中字体大小的变化应尽可能小；例如，在轴上不应使用8磅字体，在标签上使用20磅字体。

Prevent the occurrence of shading, outline letters, and other effects.

• Should not contain text labels or captions in your images.

Figure Numbering 数字编号

All figures should be numbered by the use of Arabic numerals.

Visual information must be cited consistently in the text using sequential numeric references.

The figure segments must use lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.) to represent their parts.

• 如果文章中出现附录，并且其中包含一个或多个图表，请继续对正文进行连续编号。不要为附录图表编号，“A1、A2、A3 等”。然而，在线附录[补充信息（SI）]中的图表应单独编号。

Figure Captions 图说明

Manuscripts should include captions that are concise and clear descriptions of each figure's content. Captions must be placed within the text file of the manuscript, not within any figure files.

• Figure captions typically begin with the term "Fig." in bold type, followed by a space and then the figure number, also in bold type.
  图标题通常会以"Fig."开头并加粗显示，在一个空格后紧跟数字编号（也用粗体显示）！

None of the punctuation marks should be included immediately following each numeral, and no punctuation should follow numerals or be appended to captions.

Recognize all elements present within the figure’s caption; employ boxes, circles, and similar shapes to serve as coordinate points within graphical representations.

Illustrate prior work by providing its original source as a reference citation at the end of each figure caption.

**Figure Placement and Size

图形位置和大小**

• 数字应在正文中提交。只有当稿件的文件大小导致上传出现问题时，在正文之外单独提交大数字。

When preparing your charts, adjust them to fit within the column width.

• For large-size journals, the dimensions should conform to either 84 millimeters for double-column sections or 174 millimeters for single-column sections and must not exceed 234 millimeters in height.
  对于大型期刊来说,尺寸应满足以下要求:对于双栏目版面,宽度为84毫米;对于单栏目版面,宽度为174毫米,并且全高不得超过235毫米.

For journals of a smaller scale, numeric values must not exceed 195 mm in height and should be measured to a width of 119 mm.

Permissions 权限

When including figures that have already been published elsewhere, you must request permission from the copyright owner(s) both in print and online. Please note that some publishers may not grant electronic rights for free, and Springer cannot refund any costs incurred when requesting these permissions. In such instances, material from other sources should instead be used.

Accessibility 可及性

To ensure that all individuals with varying abilities and disabilities can access the figures' content, please make sure they are made accessible.

Each figure is accompanied by detailed captions, enabling blind users to utilize text-to-speech applications or opt for text-to-Braille devices.

Patterns are used in place of or supplementing colors for communicating messages (colorblind users would be capable of distinguishing visual elements)

The minimum contrast ratio for any figure lettering is at least 4.5:1.

Generative AI Images 生成式 AI 图像

Access the Springer guidelines on generative AI images at https://www.springer.com/us/editorial-policies/artificial-intelligence--ai-/25428500 and ensure that your work complies with the principles outlined in this document.

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**Supplementary Information (SI)

补充资料 （SI）**

Springer接收多种类型的电子多媒体文件（如动画片、视频和音频内容等）和其他补充材料与文章或书籍章节一起在线发布。此功能有助于提升作者文章的多维性, 其原因是某些信息难以印刷或在电子形式中更为便捷。

Research datasets should be submitted as Supplementary Information only after reading the journal's Research Data Policy. It is advised that research data be archived in appropriate data repositories whenever possible.

Submission 提交

Provide all supplementary material in conventional file formats.

*请在每个文件中包含以下信息：文章标题、期刊名称、作者姓名；通讯作者的单位和电子邮件地址。
*

To ensure user downloads are accommodated, please be aware that larger files might require extended download durations and could lead to issues for some users during the downloading process.

High-resolution (streamable quality) videos are allowed to be submitted with a maximum capacity of 25 giga bytes; low-resolution videos must not exceed 5 giga bytes.

**Audio, Video, and Animations

音频、视频和动画**

• Aspect ratio: 16:9 or 4:3
  纵横比：16：9 或 4：3

• Up to 25 GB of file size is permitted for high-resolution files; up to 5 GB is permitted for low-resolution files. 最大文件容量为高分辨率文件提供至多25GB;低分辨率文件则限制在至多5GB。

  • Minimum video duration: 1 sec
    最短视频时长：1 秒

Supported file formats include avi、wmv、mp4、mov、m2p、mp2、mpg、mpeg、flv、mxf、mts、m4v and 3gp.

Text and Presentations 文本和演示文稿

请以PDF格式提交您的材料；.doc或.ppt文件不适合长期保存。

A collection of figures may also be combined in a PDF file.

Spreadsheets 电子 表格

Elect electronic spreadsheets must be submitted in the form of .csv or .xlsx files (MS Excel).

Specialized Formats 专业格式

• Various specialized formats, including .pdb (chemical), .wrl (VRML), .nb (Mathematica notebook file), and .tex are also available.

**Collecting Multiple Files

收集多个文件**

• It is feasible to gather multiple files from either a ZIP or GZ archive.
  从ZIP或GZ文件中可以收集多个文件.

Numbering 编号

Whenever any supplementary material is supplied, the text must specifically reference it in the form of citations, following a similar pattern to how figures and tables are cited within this document.

Refer to these supplementary files as (Online Resource), for example, the data shown in the animation is available as Online Resource 3, and additional data can be found in Online Resource 4.

依次命名文件,例如"ESM_3.mpg","ESM_4.pdf".

Captions 字幕

Each supplementary material should be accompanied by a brief description explaining its contents.

**Processing of supplementary files

补充文件的处理**

The Supplementary Information (SI) will be published in its original form as it is received from the author without undergoing any modifications such as conversion, editing, or reformating.

Accessibility 可及性

为了使所有能力和残障人士都能访问您提供的补充文件内容，请确保

The document includes a detailed title for every supplementary item

Video content does not include any material flashing more than three times per second (to ensure that individuals prone to seizures resulting from such effects are spared)

Generative AI Images 生成式 AI 图像

Please review the [Springer’s policy on generative AI images](https://www.springer.com/us/editorial-policies/artificial-intelligence--ai-/25428500 Springer's policy on generative AI images) and ensure that your work complies with the principles outlined in that document.

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The Research-Based Accessibility of Data Policy and Data Accessibility Statements

This journal adheres to Springer Nature's research data policy, which can be found at https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors/research-data-policy "research data policy". Strongly encourages authors to share all relevant research data and must include a Data Availability Statement in their original research articles.

Research data constitutes diverse types such as spreadsheets, images, textual extracts, archival documents, video or audio, interview notes or any specialist formats generated during research.

**Data availability statements

数据可用性声明**

这一要求指出所有原创研究必须包含数据可用性声明。该声明应详细说明如何访问支持文章结果和分析的数据，并包含链接/引用公开存档的数据集及其分析或生成过程。请参考我们的完整政策：here

However, if sharing research data publicly isn't feasible, especially when individual privacy might be at risk, this statement should outline the methods for accessing the data and the conditions under which it can be reused. Before collecting the data, participants' consent must be obtained and meticulously documented to ensure proper usage rights. See our guidance on sensitive数据 for more information.

In creating a data availability statement, it is recommended that authors take into account the smallest dataset required to interpret, replicate, and extend the findings detailed in the article.

Access further guidance on drafting a data availability statement, such as examples, at:

Data accessibility declarations

Data repositories 数据存储库

Authors are advised to store their supplementary data in a publicly accessible repository. By sharing data within such a repository, researchers can ensure the integrity and facilitate the discovery and reuse of their work, enabling others to build upon it more effectively.

Refer to our data repository guidance for assistance in identifying an appropriate repository. Please consult our data storage guidelines for further assistance.

We advise utilizing subject-specific repositories when they are available. For multiple data types, submissions to designated public repositories are required.

Refer to our list of mandated data types. Please refer to our mandatory data type list.

The journal welcomes researchers to make their research data publicly accessible under open license schemes, which facilitate reuse. It is not mandatory for researchers to use specific litres from third-party repositories. You are required to obtain the necessary rights to share any data deposited within your repository.

Data citation 数据引用方式

The journal advises authors to cite publicly accessible datasets whose conclusions depend on. This encompasses datasets shared alongside publications and secondary datasets reused by authors. Authors should utilize persistent identifiers like DOIs for such citations and include them in their reference lists using DataCite’s minimum recommended information (Dataset Creator, Dataset Title, Publisher [repository], Publication Year, Identifier [e.g. DOI, Handle, Accession or ARK]). While adhering to journal-specific formatting guidelines.

参考我们关于数据集引用的进一步指南进一步指导

**Research data and peer review

研究数据和同行评审**

When submitting your work to a journal employing double-blind peer review, please ensure that access to your data is granted to reviewers, either through a repository link, supplementary materials, or by requesting additional information directly from the journal. It is highly recommended that all author identities within the dataset be obscured. There are data repositories that can assist with this.

**Support with research data policy

支持研究数据政策**

Authors requiring assistance with understanding our data sharing policy, identifying suitable data repositories, or organizing and sharing research data can refer to our Research Data Service Desk for guidance.

See our FAQ page for more information on Springer Nature's research data policy.
关于施普林格·自然研究数据政策的相关信息，请查阅我们的常见问题页面。

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Editing Services 编辑服务

English 英语

How can you assist in enhancing your manuscript for publication purposes?

Presenting your work in a well-organized manuscript along with meticulously written English provides editors and reviewers with the optimal opportunity to comprehend your research and appraise it fairly. A significant number of researchers discover that procuring external support enhances their ability to present their findings effectively. The experts at Springer Nature Author Services are dedicated to assisting with comprehensive manuscript preparation, encompassing English language editing, developmental feedback, manuscript formatting guidelines, figure preparation techniques, as well as offering translation services.

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Access to our free Grammar Check tool, you can also evaluate your work.

请注意，在使用这些工具或者任何其他服务的情况下发表文章并不是发表文章的必要条件，并不意味着或者保证编辑会接受这篇文章或者即使选择它进入同行评审阶段。

Chinese (中文)

您怎么做才有助于改进您的稿件以便顺利发表？

若要在结构精巧的稿件中采用精心组织的英语呈现您的作品，则能帮助编辑与审稿人更好地理解和公正评估您的创作质量。许多研究人员发现,通过获得独立支持,有助于他们以更加美观的方式展示研究成果。Springer Nature Author Services 的专家团队可为您进行多方面的协助,包括优化英语表述、增加有深度的专业评论、设计精美排版方案、创作专业图表以及高质量翻译等服务

立即使用即可降低百分之十五的服务费

您也可以借助我们的免费语法检查工具来检测您的写作质量。

请注意，在使用这些工具或任何其他服务方面，并非是发表前必须要满足的条件；同时也不预示着相关文章会必然被编辑接受（可能不会送至审稿人那里进一步审查）。

Japanese (日本語) Japanese （日本语）

発表に備えて、論文を改善するにはどうすればよいでしょうか？
你如何改进你的论文，为发表做准备？

The content is properly organized, and submitting a high-quality paper in English to the editors and reviewers who understand and evaluate it fairly provides the best opportunity. Many researchers believe that, with individualized support, they can present their research results in the best possible form. The experts at Springer Nature Author Services will provide assistance, including English editing, constructive suggestions, paper formatting, chart adjustments, and translation.

马上就可以享受15%的优惠了。
现时此时尚宜享受现价的15%优惠。

原稿の evaluations with a free grammar checker tool also available. Furthermore, you can also utilize a free grammar checking service to evaluate your manuscript.

依赖これらのツールや他のサービスを依存的に使用する并不能 publicationの要件です。 注意: 这并不意味着编辑部会采用您的论文.

Korean (한국어) 英语

게재를 위해 원고를 개선하려면 어떻게 해야 할까요?
如何改进我的稿件以供发表？

发表您的系统性稿件为编辑与审稿人提供了理解并公平评估您研究工作的最佳机会。
许多研究人员发现，在一定程度上获得独立支持有助于他们以最佳方式展示结果。
Springer Nature作者服务专家能够为您提供包括英语编辑、渐进式评论、稿件排版、插图准备以及翻译等方面的全面稿件准备服务。

立即开始享受15%的折扣优惠

Sie können unseren kostenlosen Grammatik-Prüfer verwenden, um Ihr Forschungsprojekt zu bewerten.

These tools or other services are unnecessary requirements for publication. The editor neither implies nor assures acceptance of the article for publication nor its selection in peer review.

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**Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

作者的道德责任**

This journal is dedicated to maintaining the integrity of the scientific record. As a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), it will adhere to COPE's guidelines for addressing potential misconduct.

It is imperative that authors do not misrepresent research findings, as this could undermine the credibility of the journal, the integrity of scientific authorship, and ultimately jeopardize the entire scientific endeavor. Maintaining research integrity is assisted by adhering to good scientific practice principles, which include*:

The manuscript must not be submitted to multiple journals for simultaneous review process.

• The submitted work should be original and should not have been published elsewhere in any form or language (partially or in full), unless the new work concerns an expansion of previous work. (Please provide transparency on the re-use of material to avoid the concerns about text-recycling (‘self-plagiarism’).
  提交的作品应该是原创的，不应该以任何形式或语言（部分或全部）在其他地方发表，除非新作品涉及对以前作品的扩展。（请提供材料再利用的透明度，以避免对文本回收（“自我剽窃”）的担忧。

A single study should not be divided into several parts in order to amplify the number of submissions, whether they are distributed across multiple journals or repeatedly submitted to the same journal over time (i.e., 'salami-slicing/publishing').

• 同时或二次发布有时是合理的,只要满足特定条件.这些情况通常包括将作品翻译成其他语言或准备面向不同受众的手稿.
• 同时或二次发布有时是合理的,只要满足特定条件.这些情况通常包括将作品翻译成其他语言或其他目标读者的手稿。

结果应准确无误地呈现出来，并且真实可信地反映研究发现（其中基于图像的分析结果属于一种不当的数据处理行为）。所有作者在进行数据获取、筛选以及分析工作时都必须严格遵循各自学科的数据采集与分析标准。

No data, text, or theories by other authors are presented as their own ('copied without permission'). Proper acknowledgements should be given to other works (this includes material that is closely copied near verbatim, summarized or paraphrased), with quotation marks indicating words taken from another source. Permissions must be secured for copyrighted material.

The journal may employ software tools to detect plagiarism. 注意事项：请确保所有提交的内容均经过原创性检查以避免抄袭风险

Authors must obtain appropriate permissions when using software, online questionnaires/surveys, and measurement tools in their studies (if applicable).

• Research-based papers along with non-research-based works, such as opinion pieces, reviews, and commentaries, are required to cite relevant literature that supports their arguments. Overuse of self-citations or instances where multiple authors collaborate on mutual self-citations are discouraged as they undermine academic integrity.

• Authors should avoid making false statements about an individual or entity (who can be a person or organization) or describing their actions in a way that could be interpreted as personal attacks or accusations.

  • 为了减少误解的可能性, 作者不应发表任何关于个体或实体(无论是个人还是组织)的虚假陈述, 或者在描述其行为时过于直接.
  • 为了避免引起误解, 作者应尽量避免发表任何可能被认为是针对个人的事实在言论.
  • 为了减少误解的可能性, 作者不应发表任何关于个体的行为与活动具有误导性的言论.

Studies that may be misused to jeopardize public health or national security must be clearly identified in the document (e.g., dual-use studies). These include generating harmful outcomes from biological agents or toxins, which could compromise the immune systems protected by vaccines, creating unintended hazards when chemicals are used, and weaponizing research/technology (among other instances).

• Authors must ensure that the author group, corresponding author, and order of authors are all correctly verified during submission. Adding or removing authors during revisions is generally not allowed, except in specific scenarios where it might be justified. The rationale behind name changes should be clearly outlined. It is imperative that name alterations cannot occur post-publication.

*All of the above are guidelines, and authors must ensure compliance with third parties' intellectual property rights, including copyright and/or moral rights.
准则是指上述所有内容.
准则是指上述所有内容.

Upon being requested, authors must ensure they are ready to provide relevant documentation or data to validate the results presented. This could take various forms including raw data samples records and similar information. Exclusions include sensitive information such as confidential and proprietary data.

When there is suspicion of misconduct or apparent fraud, the journal and/or publisher will conduct an investigation in accordance with the COPE guidelines. Upon identifying valid concerns following the investigation, the authors in question will be notified via their provided email addresses and given a chance to address any issues. In response to such circumstances, various measures may be implemented by the journal and/or publisher, including but not limited to:

When a submission remains under consideration, it might be rejected and returned to the author.

• If the article has already been published online, depending on the nature and severity of the infraction:
  如果文章已经在网上发表，根据违规行为的性质和严重程度：

- an erratum/correction is typically included in the article - 文章通常会包含校订/修正信息

- an expression of concern may be placed alongside the article - It is possible to express concern within an article

In severe cases, the retraction of the article may occur.

注意以下说明：撤回意味着文章保留在平台上，并带有水印标记“撤回”。撤回的解释将在水印文章中的相关注释中提供。

• The author’s institution may be informed
  可通知提交人的机构

• A notification indicating potential ethical violations within the peer-review process may be recorded as part of an author's and article's bibliographic information.

Fundamental errors 基本误差

Authors are compelled to rectify errors upon discovering a notable mistake or inaccuracy within their published work. Researchers are requested to notify journals and describe how this mistake affects their paper. The resolution for rectifying scholarly literature hinges on its specific nature, which may involve rectification or reversal. Retractions' approach must address whether it's correcting factual inaccuracies or retracting conclusions. The retractions’ note must elucidate which sections of the paper are affected by this mistake.

**Suggesting / excluding reviewers

建议/排除审稿人**

Inviting authors to suggest suitable reviewers and/or request the exclusion of certain individuals is highly encouraged when submitting manuscripts. When proposing reviewers, authors must ensure they are entirely independent and not directly involved with the work in any capacity. To enhance the quality of peer review, it is strongly advised to include a diverse panel of reviewers hailing from different countries and institutions. When making reviewer recommendations, the Corresponding Author is required to provide a valid institutional email address for each proposed reviewer. If this proves impractical, alternative methods such as linking to personal homepages, publication records, or researcher IDs within the submission letter should be utilized to verify their identities. While the journal may not adopt all suggestions, they are greatly appreciated and can significantly improve the peer review process.

[Return to the header section 返回页首](https://link.springer.com/journal/10489/submission-guidelines?utm_medium=display&utm_source=letpub&utm_content=text_link&utm_term=null&utm_campaign=MPSR_10489_CON1_CN_CNPL_letpb_mp#contents "Return to the header section 返回页首)

Authorship principles 作者原则

According to these guidelines, the principles and practices of authorship should be outlined.

Authorship clarified 作者身份澄清

期刊和出版商假设所有作者都已同意了该内容，并且都明确地同意提交，并且在提交作品之前获得了负责进行工作的机构/组织的认可。

The Publishers do not specify the types of contributions that qualify for authorship. Authors should be guided by the authorship guidelines applicable to their specific research fields. In the absence of specific guidelines, authors should adhere to the following authorship criteria*:

其中一些作者的姓名出现在投稿中

1）对作品的构思或设计做出了重要贡献;或数据的获取、分析或解释;或开发并使用新的软件工具;

2. prepared the work or subjectively and critically revised it to incorporate substantive intellectual material;
   2）准备完成作品或对作品进行subjective and critical revisions to incorporate substantive intellectual material;

3. approved the version to be published; and
   3）批准要发布的版本;和

4. 承担所有工作责任以确保与任何工作部分相关的问题（尤其是涉及准确性和完整性的那些）能得到适当的调查和妥善解决。
   4） 负责所有工作的责任，并为了确保与任何工作部分相关涉及准确性和完整性的相关问题能得到适当的调查并妥善解决

• Based on/adapted from:
• 基于/改编自：

ICMJE, Clarifying the Responsibilities of Authors and Contributors, ICMJE, 定义作者和贡献者的责任,

作者贡献与责任的透明度对于维护科学出版的诚信至关重要。该研究团队的研究成果发表于《自然》杂志（Nature）上

**Disclosures and declarations

披露和声明**

Researchers must ensure that they provide comprehensive details about their financial and non-financial resources. They should document relevant sources of funding and any financial or non-financial interests. Additionally, approval from an ethics review board specific to their study is required if their work involves human or animal subjects. Informed consent must be obtained if human participants were involved in the study. Furthermore, a statement on animal welfare is necessary if animal studies were conducted, ensuring compliance with ethical standards as appropriate.

Determination on whether to include such information is influenced not only by the journal's scope but also by that of the article itself. Works submitted for publication might have potential implications for public health or general welfare, necessitating that all authors take responsibility to include appropriate disclosures and declarations in those instances.

Data transparency 数据透明度

researchers are asked to ensure that all data, materials, and software applications or custom code support their published claims while adhering to field standards. Please note that journals may have individual policies regarding the sharing of research data in accordance with disciplinary norms and expectations.

**Role of the Corresponding Author

通讯作者的角色**

One author is designated as Corresponding Author and undertakes to represent all co-authors in handling any issues related to the accuracy or integrity of the work.

The Corresponding Author is accountable for the following requirements:

Verifying that all listed authors have approved submission of the manuscript, including their names and order.

coordinating all forms of communication between the Journal and its co-authors across the entire lifecycle of a paper.

确保材料再利用的透明度，并在求职信中明确列出手稿中包含的所有未发表的手稿（例如印刷中的手稿）;

Ensuring that data declarations and transparency by all authors are appropriately included in the manuscript, as discussed previously.

• The responsibility for managing all communication between the journal and all co-authors during submission and proofing can be transferred to either a Contact or a Submitting Author. Once this arrangement is made, it's essential that the Corresponding Author's details are clearly presented in the manuscript.
• 在投稿及校对阶段, 负责管理和监督期刊与所有合著者之间通信的工作, 需要由联系人或是投稿者来承担. 这样一来, 在文章中明确标明联系人的信息就显得尤为重要.

Author contributions 作者贡献

Without specific instructions and in research areas where discrete contributions can be described, publishers advise authors to include contribution statements within their work that clearly indicate each author's individual contributions, thereby enhancing transparency. These details should be prominently featured on a dedicated title page.

Examples of such statement(s) are shown below:
此类声明的示例如下：

• Free text: • 自由文本：

所有作者参与了研究方案的制定与规划。材料准备、数据收集以及分析工作分别由[全名]、[全名]和[全名]负责完成。手稿的初稿由[全名]撰写，并对之前的稿件版本进行了修改意见。所有作者都仔细阅读并最终批准了最终稿件。

Case in point: CRediT taxonomy illustrates a classification system.

• 概念化：[全名]；方法：[全名]；形式分析与调查：[全名]；写作-原始草稿撰写：[全名等]；写作-校对与修订：[全名]；资金获取：[全名]；资源：[全名]；监督：[全名]。

In review articles where discrete statements are not applicable, contributors should include someone who contributed the initial idea, performed a literature search, conducted data analysis, authored, and/or underwent critical revision.

通常用于基于学生的论文或论文的文章中，《学生们的学位论文或毕业论文》通常是主要作者。

"A Graduate Student’s Manual for Determining Authorship Credit and the Sequence of Authorship Contributions, APA Science Student Council 2006
A Graduate Student's Manual for Identifying Authorship Credit and the Sequence of Authorship Contributions, APA Science Student Council (The Guide for Graduate Students on Recognizing Authorship Credit and Sequencing Contributions)

Affiliation 联系

Each author's main professional association should be listed as the institution where most of their research and contributions were accomplished. If an author moves afterward, their current location can also be included if applicable. Once published in a journal, authors' contact information should not alter or update.

Changes to authorship 对作者身份的更改

It is imperative that authors make sure they have the correct author group submitted—the one with corresponding author status—and list them in proper order. Any alterations to these elements—adding or removing authors, changing the corresponding author role, or rearranging their sequence—are prohibited after a paper has been accepted for publication.

• Author names will be published in their original form in the accepted submission.
  请确保所有作者姓名与最终提交文件中的完全一致！

Please verify that all author names are present and correctly spelled, ensuring that addresses and affiliations are up to date.

通常不允许在修订阶段增删作者，在某些情况下可能会有例外情况需要考虑。应说明这些作者身份变化的原因。修订期间对这种更改的批准权由主编掌握。请注意，在期刊中可能有关于增删作者在修订阶段的具体规定

Author identification 作者身份

研究人员应鼓励作者在投稿前获取并填写其个人OR rID标识符（ORID）信息；同时要求相关机构应在投稿流程中提供ORID注册服务并协助完成记录更新工作

**Deceased or incapacitated authors

已故或无行为能力的作者**

For situations where a co-author passes away or becomes incapacitated during writing, submission, or peer review, and the co-authors believe it is appropriate to include the author, co-authors must obtain formal legal representation from someone who could be a direct relative.

**Authorship issues or disputes

著作权问题或争议**

When faced with an authorship dispute during peer review or following acceptance and publication, journals are unable to investigate or adjudicate such matters. It is up to the authors to resolve these disputes independently. If they cannot reach an agreement, journals reserve the right to remove a manuscript from ongoing editorial processes; alternatively, for already published papers, they may address such issues with relevant institutions while adhering to their policies.

Confidentiality 保密性

Authors should regard all communications with the Journal as confidential communications, encompassing interactions with key personnel such as Editors-in-Chief, handling editors, and reviewers, unless explicit consent has been obtained for sharing information.

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**Additional Information for Changes to authorship

有关作者身份变更的附加信息**

This journal clearly prohibits changes in authorship after submission. Any alteration in authorship must be approved by co-authors, the editor handling the submission, and the editor-in-chief. Requests for such changes should be submitted through a structured letter to the editor-in-chief, specifying exactly which sections require an adjustment in authorship status and providing explanations for any deviations from the originally declared authorship.

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**Compliance with Ethical Standards

遵守道德标准**

To maintain objectivity and transparency in research and acknowledge adherence to acknowledged professional standards, authors should be required to provide information about the funding sources, address any potential for financial or non-financial conflicts of interest, ensure informed consent is obtained when studies involve human participants, and include a welfare statement when animal studies are conducted.

It is imperative for authors to incorporate these declarations when submitting a paper, ensuring strict adherence to ethical guidelines.

• Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest
  披露潜在的利益冲突

Studies including Human Participants and Animals 研究包括人类参与者以及动物

• Informed consent 知情同意

Note that standards may vary marginally across journals, influenced by their specific peer review procedures, which may be single or double blind, in addition to the academic discipline of the journal. Before submitting your article, ensure you adhere to the submission guidelines outlined below this section.

The corresponding author should have the responsibility to gather documentation observing ethical guidelines. They must submit any required documentation during peer review or after publication.

The editors hold the authority to reject any manuscript that fails to meet the outlined requirements. The author will bear legal accountability for making inaccurate statements or omitting vital information.

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Competing Interests 利益争夺

作者被要求披露与提交作品直接或间接相关的利益。应报告开始工作（进行研究和准备提交）最近三年内的兴趣。若可合理认为影响提交的作品，则须披露时间框架外的利益。利益披露提供了一个完整且透明的过程，并帮助读者形成自己对潜在偏见的判断。这并不意味着与赞助研究的组织建立财务关系或因咨询工作而获得报酬的情况是不合适的。

編委員会委員及編輯必須聲明任何潛在的競爭利益並將會被排除在外 peer reviewprocess中iftheyhavepotentialconflicts.Thisisnotlimitedtohavingcollaboratedwithanyoftheauthorsorsharinganinstitutionwiththem.Theauthorsmustalsobeawarethatiftheyhaveadditionalrolesrelatedtoaspecificsubmission,anotherEditorormemberoftheeditorialboardwilltakechargetooverseetheirevaluation.Inaddition,theReviewprocessforallsUBMISSIONSiscompletelyobjectiveandunbiased.Therefore,welcome編委員會委員tosubmitmanuscriptsforconsideration.AnysubmissionswillbeproceSSEDinexaclTlythesamewayasotherpapers.Thecompilancehasnobearingoneditorialconsideration.

Must include interests that must be disclosed, such as those listed below.
These elements must be included in all reports, not limited to the following sections/subheadings/points:

Funding: Financial support from funding bodies (please specify the research sponsor and grant identifier) and research-related expenses such as salaries, equipment, supplies, travel reimbursement for conferences by organizations that may stand to gain or incur financial losses through the publication of this manuscript.

Employment: During the time spent on the research project, current or anticipated job opportunities by any organization that could potentially gain or lose financially based on publication of this manuscript. This may include multiple affiliations, if applicable.

Financial interests: Equity holdings in companies (including holdings held by spouse and/or children) which may experience financial gains or losses through the publication of this manuscript; compensation packages from organizations (which themselves might gain or lose financially) offering consultation fees or other forms of remuneration; patents and patent applications whose values might be impacted by the publication of this manuscript.

Determining the threshold at which financial interests become significant is not straightforward, as any specific figure chosen would inevitably be arbitrary. Therefore, a practical guideline could be formulated as follows: "Any undeclared financial interest that might cause embarrassment to the author if made public after the work's publication should be included in this policy."

Non-financial interests: In addition, authors are required to disclose interests beyond financial ones that could introduce potential bias into the work being submitted for publication, such as professional roles, personal connections or convictions (among other categories). Specific examples include positions on editorial boards, advisory boards or directorates; writing or consulting activities aimed at educational purposes; expert testimony; mentorship relationships; and similar arrangements.

撰写 primary research articles时需包含披露声明。综上所述可知，在某些情况下可能存在对特定主题领域权威论述的需求下之综述文章亦可被视为权威著作因而综上所述可知，在某些情况下可能存在对特定主题领域权威论述的需求下之综述文章亦可被视为权威著作因而综上所述可知，在某些情况下可能存在对特定主题领域权威论述的需求下之综述文章亦可被视为权威著作

注意事项：除上述要求外，在提交论文至同行评审系统时还需要披露资助信息（因为资助是一个潜在的竞争利益）。这些信息将自动添加到CrossMark记录中；然而它们不会被包含在论文正文里。根据以下说明中的规定，“声明”部分应包括与资金相关的所有信息。
总结：根据上述说明，“声明”部分应包括与资金相关的所有信息。

Summary of requirements 需求摘要

The above should be condensed into a summary and included in a 'Declarations' section preceding the reference list under headings such as 'Funding' or 'Competing interests'. Other declarations encompass Ethics approval, Consent, Data, Material and/or Code availability along with Authors' contribution statements.

请参考下面多样化的措辞示例，并据此调整/定制示例语句。

If all authors share the same (no) conflicts and funding, using a single blanket statement is adequate.

获得资金后所采用的报告示例：

• Partial financial support was received from [...]
  部分财政支持来自 [...]

导致这些结果的研究根据赠款协议编号[...].得到了[...].的资助.

• This study was funded by […]
  这项研究由 [...]

This research obtained funding from [...] (Grant numbers [...] and [...]).

实例用于表示当没有资金时应被使用的表达式:

The authors did not benefit from any organization's support on the submitted work.

No funding was received to support the preparation of this manuscript. 未获得任何资金来辅助撰写这份手稿.

No financial support was allocated for carrying out this study.

There was no funding, grants, or other sources of support available.

Possible statements that can be utilized when declaring one's interests:
当需要声明个人利益时可以采用的陈述：

• Financial interests: Author A has obtained research funding from Company A. Author B has been granted speaker fees by Company W and owns shares in Company X. Author C serves as a consultant for company Y.
  经济利益：作者A获得了A公司研究资金支持；作者B获得W公司演讲报酬，并持有X公司股份；作者C担任Y公司顾问角色。

Non-financial interests: Author C serves as a non-paid participant in committee Z.

• Financial interests: The authors declare they have no financial interests.
  经济利益：作者声明他们没有经济利益。

Non-economic interests: Author A serves on the board of directors for company Y and does not receive any compensation as a member.

Financial interests:* Author A obtained speaking fees through engagement with Y to support Z's activities. Author B was remunerated by association X as an employee, with their role as Executive Director of X. Economic interests: author A obtained speaking fees through engagement with Y to support Z's activities, while author B was remunerated by association X as an employee, with their role as Executive Director of X.

Non-financial interests: none.
非经济利益：无。

• Financial interests: Author A and B declare they have no financial interests. Author C has received speaker and consultant honoraria from Company M and Company N. Dr. C has received speaker honorarium and research funding from Company M and Company O. Author D has received travel support from Company O.
  经济利益：作者 A 和 B 声明他们没有经济利益。作者 C 已获得 M 公司和 N 公司的演讲者和顾问酬金。 C 博士已获得 M 公司和 O 公司的演讲者酬金和研究经费。

Non-economic interests: Author D has held advisory board positions of M, N, and O companies.

常见于作者无需声明时使用的陈述句示例：
当作者无须声明时使用的语句示例：

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Authors do not have any competing interests that are pertinent to this article.

• All authors declare that they are not members of any organizations or entities and have not participated in any activities related to the content covered in this manuscript.
  所有作者声明自己不属于任何组织或实体，并且未参与与本手稿内容相关的任何活动。

The authors do not hold any financial or intellectual property rights in any material under discussion.

Authors are accountable for ensuring the correctness of the content in the manuscript. Refer to Authorship Principles for additional details. The Editor-in-Chief is authorized to reject submissions that fail to comply with the standards outlined in this section.

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After acceptance 验收后

Upon receipt of acceptance, your article will be sent to Production for processing. Following this, you can expect two communications. The first will involve confirming your association with the journal, selecting the appropriate publishing model for your article, and handling any associated publication costs. The second communication will provide a direct link to the final manuscript proofs once production is complete.

**Article publishing agreement

文章发表协议**

Based on the ownership and policies of the journal, you will be required to either authorize or hand over the exclusive license.

Offprints 分印本

Offprints can be obtained by the corresponding author.

Color illustrations 彩色插图

彩色插图的在线发布是免费的。对于印刷版中的彩色部分，则要求作者承担相应的额外费用。

Proof reading 校对读数

校对的过程旨在核实格式问题或转换错误，并确保文本、表格和图表的完整性和准确性。 Major alterations to the content such as new results corrected figures revised titles and author names are prohibited without Editor's consent.

Upon being published online, additional modifications must be submitted as a Correction, which will be linked directly to this article. 在线发布后，进一步的编辑必须提交为校对，并直接链接到本文。

Online First 在线优先

The article has been published online once corrected proofs are received. This is the first official publication that can cite using digital object identifiers (DOIs). Once it’s released, authors can also cite this paper using its issue and page numbers.

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Open Choice 开放式选择

Open Choice offers a platform for fostering open access publishing across over 1,850 Springer Nature journals, thereby enhancing the visibility and accessibility of your research upon publication.

Article processing charges (APCs) differ by journal category – find the complete list.

Benefits: 好处：

*提升研究人员的参与度：Open Choice 使任何拥有互联网接入的人都能在发表后立即访问。

Significantly increased reach and influence: In a mix of traditional and open-access academic journals published by Springer, OA articles are accessed, on average, four times more frequently, and cited 1.7 additional times compared to other articles in the same journals.

• Relative ease of compliance with funding organizations and institutional mandates: Many funding organizations mandate open-access publishing, while some incorporate compliance requirements into the evaluation of future grant applications.

It is straightforward to locate funding for open-access initiatives – please refer to our dedicated funding and support pages for further details.

*) 在出版后第三年之内。施普林格·自然（Springer Nature）混合期刊的OA影响分析，在2018年完成。
*） 出版后第三年之内。施普林格·自然（Springer Nature）混合期刊的OA影响分析完成于2018年。

Open Choice 开放性选择

Funding and Support pages资金和支持页面

**Copyright and license term – CC BY

版权和许可期限 – CC BY**

Open Choice articles do not need to hand over copyright since it stays with the author. By choosing open access, authors are committed to publishing their work under the Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Common errors to prevent during manuscript preparation should include...