【期刊】人工智能评论 Artificial Intelligence Review

Overview 概述

Artificial Intelligence Review is a fully open access journal publishing state-of-the-art research in artificial intelligence and cognitive science.
《人工智能评论》是一本完全开放获取的期刊，发表人工智能和认知科学领域的最新研究。

• Publishes critical evaluations of applications, techniques, and algorithms in the field.
  发布对该领域的应用、技术和算法的批判性评估。

• Provides a platform for researchers and application developers.
  为研究人员和应用程序开发人员提供平台。

• Presents refereed survey and tutorial articles.
  提供参考调查和教程文章。

• Offers reviews and commentary on significant developments.
  提供对重大发展的评论和评论。

Aims and scope 目标和范围

Artificial Intelligence Review serves as a forum for the work of researchers and application developers from Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science and related disciplines.
《人工智能评论》是来自人工智能、认知科学和相关学科的研究人员和应用程序开发人员工作的论坛。

The Review publishes state-of-the-art research reports and critical evaluations of applications, techniques and algorithms from these fields.
该评论发表了最先进的研究报告和对这些领域的应用、技术和算法的批判性评估。

Artificial Intelligence Review also presents refereed survey and tutorial articles, as well as reviews and commentary on significant developments from these disciplines.
《人工智能评论》还提供参考调查和教程文章，以及对这些学科重大发展的评论和评论。

Submission guidelines 投稿须知

目录

Overview 概述

Aims and scope 目标和范围

Submission guidelines 投稿须知

Contents 内容

Instructions for Authors作者须知

Manuscript Submission 投稿

Manuscript Submission 投稿

Permissions 权限

Online Submission 在线提交

Source Files 源文件

Submitting Declarations 提交声明

Please note 请注意

Title Page 扉页

Abstract 抽象

Keywords 关键字

Statements and Declarations声明和声明

Text 发短信

Text Formatting 文本格式

Headings 标题

Abbreviations 缩写

Footnotes 脚注

Acknowledgments 确认

LaTeX and Online SubmissionLaTeX 和在线提交

Scientific style 科学风格

Scientific style 科学风格

References 引用

Citation 引文

Reference list 参考列表

Tables 表

Artwork and Illustrations Guidelines插图和插图指南

Electronic Figure Submission电子数字提交

Line Art 线条艺术

Halftone Art 半色调艺术

Combination Art 组合艺术

Color Art 色彩艺术

Figure Lettering 图刻字

Figure Numbering 数字编号

Figure Captions 图说明

Figure Placement and Size图形位置和大小

Permissions 权限

Accessibility 可及性

Generative AI Images 生成式 AI 图像

Supplementary Information (SI)补充资料 （SI）

Submission 提交

Audio, Video, and Animations音频、视频和动画

Text and Presentations 文本和演示文稿

Spreadsheets 电子 表格

Specialized Formats 专业格式

Collecting Multiple Files收集多个文件

Numbering 编号

Captions 字幕

Processing of supplementary files补充文件的处理

Accessibility 可及性

Generative AI Images 生成式 AI 图像

Research Data Policy and Data Availability Statements研究数据政策和数据可用性声明

Data availability statements数据可用性声明

Data repositories 数据存储库

Data citation 数据引用方式

Research data and peer review研究数据和同行评审

Support with research data policy支持研究数据政策

Editing Services 编辑服务

English 英语

Chinese (中文)

Japanese (日本語) Japanese （日本语）

Korean (한국어) 英语

Ethical Responsibilities of Authors作者的道德责任

Fundamental errors 基本误差

Suggesting / excluding reviewers建议/排除审稿人

Compliance with Ethical Standards遵守道德标准

Competing Interests 利益争夺

Summary of requirements 需求摘要

After acceptance 验收后

Offprints 分印本

Color illustrations 彩色插图

Proof reading 校对读数

Copyright 版权

**Instructions for Authors

作者须知**

Manuscript Submission 投稿

Manuscript Submission 投稿

Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the institute where the work has been carried out. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.
提交手稿意味着：所描述的作品以前没有发表过;它没有被考虑在其他任何地方出版;其出版已得到所有合著者（如果有的话）以及开展该工作的研究所的主管当局的默示或明确批准。如果有任何索赔，出版商将不承担任何法律责任。

Permissions 权限

Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
希望包含已在其他地方发表的图表、表格或文本段落的作者，必须获得版权所有者对印刷版和在线格式的许可，并在提交论文时提供已获得此类许可的证据。在没有此类证据的情况下收到的任何材料都将被视为来自作者。

Online Submission 在线提交

Please follow the hyperlink “Submit manuscript” and upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen.
请点击“提交稿件”的超链接，并按照屏幕上的说明上传您的所有稿件文件。

Source Files 源文件

Please ensure you provide all relevant editable source files at every submission and revision. Failing to submit a complete set of editable source files will result in your article not being considered for review. For your manuscript text please always submit in common word processing formats such as .docx or LaTeX.
**请确保您在每次提交和修订时都提供所有相关的可编辑源文件。**未能提交一套完整的可编辑源文件将导致您的文章不被考虑进行审核。 对于您的稿件文本，请始终以常见的文字处理格式提交，例如 .docx 或 LaTeX。

Submitting Declarations 提交声明

Please note that Author Contribution information and Competing Interest information must be provided at submission via the submission interface. Only the information submitted via the interface will be used in the final published version. Please make sure that if you are an editorial board member and also a listed author that you also declare this information in the Competing Interest section of the interface.
请注意，作者贡献信息和竞争利益信息必须在提交时通过提交界面提供。只有通过界面提交的信息才会用于最终发布的版本。如果您是编委会成员，同时也是列出的作者，请确保您也在界面的“竞争利益”部分声明此信息。

Please see the relevant sections in the submission guidelines for further information on these statements as well as possible other mandatory statements.
请参阅提交指南中的相关部分，了解有关这些声明以及可能的其他强制性声明的更多信息。

Please note 请注意

This journal has a policy of not allowing authorship changes after submission.
本期刊的政策是投稿后不允许更改作者身份。

Back to top 返回页首

Title Page 扉页

Please make sure your title page contains the following information.
请确保您的标题页包含以下信息。

Title 标题

The title should be concise and informative.
标题应简明扼要，内容丰富。

Author information 作者信息

• The name(s) of the author(s)
  作者姓名

• The affiliation(s) of the author(s), i.e. institution, (department), city, (state), country
  作者的隶属关系，即机构、（部门）、城市、（州）、国家

• A clear indication and an active e-mail address of the corresponding author
  通讯作者的明确指示和有效电子邮件地址

• If available, the 16-digit ORCID of the author(s)
  如果有，作者的 16 位 ORCID

If address information is provided with the affiliation(s) it will also be published.
如果地址信息随隶属关系一起提供，则该信息也将被公布。

For authors that are (temporarily) unaffiliated we will only capture their city and country of residence, not their e-mail address unless specifically requested.
对于（暂时）无关联的作者，除非特别要求，否则我们将仅捕获其居住城市和国家/地区，而不会捕获其电子邮件地址。

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, do not currently satisfy our authorship criteria. Notably an attribution of authorship carries with it accountability for the work, which cannot be effectively applied to LLMs. Use of an LLM should be properly documented in the Methods section (and if a Methods section is not available, in a suitable alternative part) of the manuscript.
大型语言模型 （LLM），例如 ChatGPT，目前不符合我们的作者标准。值得注意的是，作者身份的归属伴随着对作品的责任，这不能有效地应用于LLM。 LLM的使用应正确记录在手稿的方法部分（如果没有方法部分，则在合适的替代部分）。

Abstract 抽象

Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.
请提供 150 至 250 字的摘要。摘要不应包含任何未定义的缩写或未指定的参考文献。

For life science journals only (when applicable)
仅适用于生命科学期刊（如适用）

• Trial registration number and date of registration for prospectively registered trials
  前瞻性注册试验的试验注册号和注册日期

• Trial registration number and date of registration, followed by “retrospectively registered”, for retrospectively registered trials
  对于追溯性注册的试验，试验注册号和注册日期，后跟“追溯注册”

Keywords 关键字

Please provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.
请提供 4 到 6 个可用于索引目的的关键字。

**Statements and Declarations

声明和声明**

The following statements should be included under the heading "Statements and Declarations" for inclusion in the published paper. Please note that submissions that do not include relevant declarations will be returned as incomplete.
以下声明应列入“声明和声明”标题下，以便列入已发表的论文。请注意，不包含相关声明的提交将被视为不完整。

• Competing Interests: Authors are required to disclose financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. Please refer to “Competing Interests and Funding” below for more information on how to complete this section.
  利益冲突：作者必须披露与提交出版的作品直接或间接相关的财务或非财务利益。有关如何完成本节的更多信息，请参阅下面的“利益争夺和资金”。

Please see the relevant sections in the submission guidelines for further information as well as various examples of wording. Please revise/customize the sample statements according to your own needs.
请参阅提交指南中的相关部分以获取更多信息以及各种措辞示例。请根据自己的需要修改/自定义示例语句。

Back to top 返回页首

Text 发短信

For LaTeX submissions we encourage authors to use the Springer Nature LaTeX template when preparing a submission.
对于LaTeX投稿，我们鼓励作者在准备投稿时使用Springer Nature LaTeX模板。

Please ensure you provide all relevant editable source files at every submission and revision.
请确保您在每次提交和修订时都提供所有相关的可编辑源文件。

Text Formatting 文本格式

Manuscripts should be submitted in LaTeX. We recommend using Springer Nature’s LaTeX template. The submission should include the original source (including all style files and figures) and a PDF version of the compiled output.
稿件应以LaTeX格式提交。我们建议使用 Springer Nature 的 LaTeX 模板。提交的内容应包括原始来源（包括所有样式文件和图表）和编译输出的 PDF 版本。

Word files are also accepted.
Word 文件也被接受。

Headings 标题

Please use the decimal system of headings with no more than three levels.
请使用不超过三级的标题十进制系统。

Abbreviations 缩写

Abbreviations should be defined at first mention and used consistently thereafter.
缩略语应在第一次提及时定义，并在其后一致地使用。

Footnotes 脚注

Footnotes can be used to give additional information, which may include the citation of a reference included in the reference list. They should not consist solely of a reference citation, and they should never include the bibliographic details of a reference. They should also not contain any figures or tables.
脚注可用于提供附加信息，其中可能包括对参考文献列表中包括的参考文献的引用。它们不应仅由参考文献引用组成，也不应包括参考文献的书目详细信息。它们也不应包含任何数字或表格。

Footnotes to the text are numbered consecutively; those to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data). Footnotes to the title or the authors of the article are not given reference symbols.
案文的脚注是连续编号的;表中的那些应该用上标小写字母表示（或显著性值和其他统计数据的星号）。标题的脚注或文章的作者没有参考符号。

Always use footnotes instead of endnotes.
始终使用脚注而不是尾注。

Acknowledgments 确认

Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section on the title page. The names of funding organizations should be written in full.
对人员、赠款、资金等的致谢应放在扉页上的单独部分。资助机构的名称应全文填写。

Back to top 返回页首

**LaTeX and Online Submission

LaTeX 和在线提交**

All source files you upload in the online submission system will be automatically compiled into a single PDF file to be approved by you at the end of the submission process. While the compiled PDF will be used for peer-review purposes, your uploaded source files will be transferred to the publisher for publication upon acceptance.
您在在线提交系统中上传的所有源文件将自动编译为单个 PDF 文件，以便在提交过程结束时由您批准。虽然编译后的 PDF 将用于同行评审目的，但您上传的源文件将被转移到出版商接受后发布。

Please do not use subfolders for your LaTeX submission, e.g. for figures or bibliographic files. Further tips for uploading and compiling your LaTeX submission can be found on the Springer Nature LaTeX Support hub and https://www.editorialmanager.com/robohelp/17.0/LaTeX_Resources.htm?rhhlterm=latex.
请不要将子文件夹用于您的 LaTeX 提交，例如用于图表或书目文件。有关上传和编译 LaTeX 提交的更多提示，请访问 Springer Nature LaTeX 支持中心和 https://www.editorialmanager.com/robohelp/17.0/LaTeX_Resources.htm?rhhlterm=latex。

Back to top 返回页首

Scientific style 科学风格

• Please always use internationally accepted signs and symbols for units (SI units).
  请始终使用国际公认的单位标志和符号（SI 单位）。

Back to top 返回页首

Scientific style 科学风格

Please use the standard mathematical notation for formulae, symbols etc.:
请对公式、符号等使用标准数学符号：

• Italic for single letters that denote mathematical constants, variables, and unknown quantities
  斜体表示表示数学常数、变量和未知量的单个字母

• Roman/upright for numerals, operators, and punctuation, and commonly defined functions or abbreviations, e.g., cos, det, e or exp, lim, log, max, min, sin, tan, d (for derivative)
  罗马/直立表示数字、运算符和标点符号，以及常用的函数或缩写，例如 cos、det、e 或 exp、lim、log、max、min、sin、tan、d（用于派数）

• Bold for vectors, tensors, and matrices.
  向量、张量和矩阵的粗体。

Back to top 返回页首

References 引用

Citation 引文

Cite references in the text by name and year in parentheses. Some examples:
在括号中按名称和年份引用正文中的参考文献。一些例子：

• Negotiation research spans many disciplines (Thompson 1990).
  谈判研究跨越许多学科（Thompson 1990）。

• This result was later contradicted by Becker and Seligman (1996).
  这一结果后来被Becker和Seligman（1996）反驳。

• This effect has been widely studied (Abbott 1991; Barakat et al. 1995a, b; Kelso and Smith 1998; Medvec et al. 1999, 2000).
  这种效应已被广泛研究（Abbott 1991;Barakat等人，1995a，b;凯尔索和史密斯 1998;Medvec 等人，1999 年，2000 年）。

Reference list 参考列表

The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication. Personal communications and unpublished works should only be mentioned in the text.
参考文献列表应仅包括正文中引用的以及已出版或接受出版的作品。个人通信和未发表的作品只能在正文中提及。

Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last names of the first author of each work. Please alphabetize according to the following rules: 1) For one author, by name of author, then chronologically; 2) For two authors, by name of author, then name of coauthor, then chronologically; 3) For more than two authors, by name of first author, then chronologically.
参考文献列表条目应按每部作品第一作者的姓氏按字母顺序排列。请按以下规则按字母顺序排列：1）对于一位作者，按作者姓名，然后按时间顺序排列;2）对于两位作者，先按作者姓名，再按合著者姓名，然后按时间顺序排列;3）对于两个以上的作者，按第一作者的姓名，然后按时间顺序排列。

If available, please always include DOIs as full DOI links in your reference list (e.g. “https://doi.org/abc”).
如果可用，请始终将 DOI 作为完整的 DOI 链接包含在您的参考文献列表中（例如“https://doi.org/abc”）。

• Journal article 期刊文章

Gamelin FX, Baquet G, Berthoin S, Thevenet D, Nourry C, Nottin S, Bosquet L (2009) Effect of high intensity intermittent training on heart rate variability in prepubescent children. Eur J Appl Physiol 105:731-738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0955-8
Gamelin FX、Baquet G、Berthoin S、Thevenet D、Nourry C、Nottin S、Bosquet L （2009） 高强度间歇训练对青春期前儿童心率变异性的影响。欧洲应用生理学杂志 105：731-738。https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0955-8

Ideally, the names of all authors should be provided, but the usage of “et al” in long author lists will also be accepted:
理想情况下，应提供所有作者的姓名，但在长作者列表中使用“et al”也将被接受：

Smith J, Jones M Jr, Houghton L et al (1999) Future of health insurance. N Engl J Med 965:325–329
Smith J， Jones M Jr， Houghton L et al （1999） 健康保险的未来。N Engl J Med 965：325–329

• Article by DOI 文章作者 DOI

Slifka MK, Whitton JL (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J Mol Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001090000086
Slifka MK， Whitton JL （2000） 细胞因子产生失调的临床意义。J Mol Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001090000086

• Book 书

South J, Blass B (2001) The future of modern genomics. Blackwell, London
South J， Blass B （2001） 现代基因组学的未来。布莱克威尔， 伦敦

• Book chapter 书籍章节

Brown B, Aaron M (2001) The politics of nature. In: Smith J (ed) The rise of modern genomics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, pp 230-257
Brown B， Aaron M （2001） 自然政治。在：Smith J（编辑）现代基因组学的兴起，第3版。Wiley，纽约，第 230-257 页

• Online document 在线文档

Cartwright J (2007) Big stars have weather too. IOP Publishing PhysicsWeb. http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/6/16/1. Accessed 26 June 2007
Cartwright J （2007） 大明星也有天气。IOP 出版 PhysicsWeb。http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/6/16/1。2007年6月26日访问

• Dissertation 论文

Trent JW (1975) Experimental acute renal failure. Dissertation, University of California
Trent JW （1975） 实验性急性肾功能衰竭。加州大学毕业论文

Always use the standard abbreviation of a journal’s name according to the ISSN List of Title Word Abbreviations, see
根据ISSN标题词缩写列表，始终使用期刊名称的标准缩写，请参阅

ISSN LTWA 国际标准刊号：ISSN LTWA

If you are unsure, please use the full journal title.
如果您不确定，请使用完整的期刊标题。

Back to top 返回页首

Tables 表

• All tables are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
  所有表格均应使用阿拉伯数字编号。

• Tables should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
  表格应始终以连续的数字顺序在文本中引用。

• For each table, please supply a table caption (title) explaining the components of the table.
  对于每个表格，请提供表格标题（标题），解释表格的组成部分。

• Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the table caption.
  通过在表格标题末尾以参考文献的形式提供原始来源来识别任何以前发表的材料。

• Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and included beneath the table body.
  表格的脚注应用上标小写字母（或显著性值和其他统计数据的星号）表示，并包含在表格正文下方。

Back to top 返回页首

**Artwork and Illustrations Guidelines

插图和插图指南**

**Electronic Figure Submission

电子数字提交**

• Supply all figures electronically.
  以电子方式提供所有数据。

• Indicate what graphics program was used to create the artwork.
  指明用于创建图稿的图形程序。

• For vector graphics, the preferred format is EPS; for halftones, please use TIFF format. MSOffice files are also acceptable.
  对于矢量图形，首选格式是 EPS;对于半色调，请使用 TIFF 格式。MSOffice 文件也是可以接受的。

• Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.
  包含字体的矢量图形必须将字体嵌入到文件中。

• Name your figure files with "Fig" and the figure number, e.g., Fig1.eps.
  用“Fig”和图形编号命名图形文件，例如，Fig1.eps。

Line Art 线条艺术

• Definition: Black and white graphic with no shading.
  定义：无阴影的黑白图形。

• Do not use faint lines and/or lettering and check that all lines and lettering within the figures are legible at final size.
  不要使用微弱的线条和/或字母，并检查图形中的所有线条和字母在最终尺寸下是否清晰可辨。

• All lines should be at least 0.1 mm (0.3 pt) wide.
  所有线条的宽度应至少为 0.1 毫米（0.3 磅）。

• Scanned line drawings and line drawings in bitmap format should have a minimum resolution of 1200 dpi.
  扫描的线条图和位图格式的线条图的最低分辨率应为 1200 dpi。

• Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.
  包含字体的矢量图形必须将字体嵌入到文件中。

Halftone Art 半色调艺术

• Definition: Photographs, drawings, or paintings with fine shading, etc.
  定义：照片、素描或带有精细阴影的绘画等。

• If any magnification is used in the photographs, indicate this by using scale bars within the figures themselves.
  如果照片中使用了任何放大倍率，请在数字本身中使用比例尺来表示。

• Halftones should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.
  半色调的最低分辨率应为 300 dpi。

Combination Art 组合艺术

• Definition: a combination of halftone and line art, e.g., halftones containing line drawing, extensive lettering, color diagrams, etc.
  定义：半色调和线条艺术的组合，例如，包含线条画、大量刻字、彩色图表等的半色调。

• Combination artwork should have a minimum resolution of 600 dpi.
  组合图稿的最低分辨率应为 600 dpi。

Color Art 色彩艺术

• Color illustrations should be submitted as RGB (8 bits per channel).
  彩色插图应以 RGB（每通道 8 位）格式提交。

Figure Lettering 图刻字

• To add lettering, it is best to use Helvetica or Arial (sans serif fonts).
  要添加字母，最好使用 Helvetica 或 Arial（无衬线字体）。

• Keep lettering consistently sized throughout your final-sized artwork, usually about 2–3 mm (8–12 pt).
  在整个最终尺寸的图稿中保持一致的字体大小，通常约为 2-3 毫米（8-12 磅）。

• Variance of type size within an illustration should be minimal, e.g., do not use 8-pt type on an axis and 20-pt type for the axis label.
  图中字体大小的差异应最小，例如，不要在轴上使用 8 磅类型，在轴标签上使用 20 磅类型。

• Avoid effects such as shading, outline letters, etc.
  避免阴影、轮廓字母等效果。

• Do not include titles or captions within your illustrations.
  请勿在插图中包含标题或说明。

Figure Numbering 数字编号

• All figures are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
  所有数字均应使用阿拉伯数字编号。

• Figures should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
  数字应始终以连续的数字顺序在文本中引用。

• Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).
  图部分应用小写字母（a、b、c等）表示。

• If an appendix appears in your article and it contains one or more figures, continue the consecutive numbering of the main text. Do not number the appendix figures,"A1, A2, A3, etc." Figures in online appendices [Supplementary Information (SI)] should, however, be numbered separately.
  如果文章中出现附录，并且包含一个或多个数字，请继续对正文进行连续编号。不要对附录数字进行编号，“A1、A2、A3 等”。但是，在线附录[补充信息（SI）]中的数字应单独编号。

Figure Captions 图说明

• Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure depicts. Include the captions in the text file of the manuscript, not in the figure file.
  每个图形都应该有一个简洁的标题，准确描述图形所描绘的内容。将标题包含在手稿的文本文件中，而不是图表文件中。

• Figure captions begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type.
  图标题以术语 Fig. 开头。以粗体显示，后跟数字编号，也以粗体显示。

• No punctuation is to be included after the number, nor is any punctuation to be placed at the end of the caption.
  数字后不得包含任何标点符号，标题末尾也不得放置任何标点符号。

• Identify all elements found in the figure in the figure caption; and use boxes, circles, etc., as coordinate points in graphs.
  在图标题中识别图中的所有元素;并使用方框、圆圈等作为图形中的坐标点。

• Identify previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference citation at the end of the figure caption.
  通过在图标题末尾以参考引文的形式提供原始来源来识别以前发表的材料。

**Figure Placement and Size

图形位置和大小**

• Figures should be submitted within the body of the text. Only if the file size of the manuscript causes problems in uploading it, the large figures should be submitted separately from the text.
  数字应在正文中提交。只有当稿件的文件大小导致上传时出现问题时，大数字才应与正文分开提交。

Permissions 权限

If you include figures that have already been published elsewhere, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner(s). Please be aware that some publishers do not grant electronic rights for free and that Springer will not be able to refund any costs that may have occurred to receive these permissions. In such cases, material from other sources should be used.
如果您包含已在其他地方发布的图表，则必须获得版权所有者的许可。请注意，某些出版商不会免费授予电子版权，并且 Springer 将无法退还为获得这些许可而可能产生的任何费用。在这种情况下，应使用其他来源的材料。

Accessibility 可及性

In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your figures, please make sure that
为了让所有能力和残障人士都能访问您的人物内容，请确保

• All figures have descriptive captions (blind users could then use a text-to-speech software or a text-to-Braille hardware)
  所有图形都有描述性标题（盲人用户可以使用文本转语音软件或文本转盲文硬件）

• Patterns are used instead of or in addition to colors for conveying information (colorblind users would then be able to distinguish the visual elements)
  使用图案代替颜色或补充颜色来传达信息（色盲用户将能够区分视觉元素）

• Any figure lettering has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1
  任何图形刻字的对比度至少为 4.5：1

Generative AI Images 生成式 AI 图像

Please check Springer’s policy on generative AI images and make sure your work adheres to the principles described therein.
请查看 Springer 关于生成式 AI 图像的政策，并确保您的工作符合其中描述的原则。

Back to top 返回页首

**Supplementary Information (SI)

补充资料 （SI）**

Springer accepts electronic multimedia files (animations, movies, audio, etc.) and other supplementary files to be published online along with an article or a book chapter. This feature can add dimension to the author's article, as certain information cannot be printed or is more convenient in electronic form.
施普林格接受电子多媒体文件（动画、电影、音频等）和其他补充文件与文章或书籍章节一起在线发布。此功能可以增加作者文章的维度，因为某些信息无法打印或以电子形式更方便。

Before submitting research datasets as Supplementary Information, authors should read the journal’s Research data policy. We encourage research data to be archived in data repositories wherever possible.
在将研究数据集作为补充信息提交之前，作者应阅读期刊的研究数据政策。我们鼓励尽可能将研究数据存档在数据存储库中。

Submission 提交

• Supply all supplementary material in standard file formats.
  以标准文件格式提供所有补充材料。

• Please include in each file the following information: article title, journal name, author names; affiliation and e-mail address of the corresponding author.
  请在每个文件中包含以下信息：文章标题、期刊名称、作者姓名;通讯作者的单位和电子邮件地址。

• To accommodate user downloads, please keep in mind that larger-sized files may require very long download times and that some users may experience other problems during downloading.
  为了适应用户下载，请记住，较大尺寸的文件可能需要很长的下载时间，并且某些用户在下载过程中可能会遇到其他问题。

• High resolution (streamable quality) videos can be submitted up to a maximum of 25GB; low resolution videos should not be larger than 5GB.
  高分辨率（可流式传输质量）视频最多可提交 25GB;低分辨率视频不应大于 5GB。

**Audio, Video, and Animations

音频、视频和动画**

• Aspect ratio: 16:9 or 4:3
  纵横比：16：9 或 4：3

• Maximum file size: 25 GB for high resolution files; 5 GB for low resolution files
  最大文件大小：高分辨率文件为 25 GB;5 GB（低分辨率文件）

• Minimum video duration: 1 sec
  最短视频时长：1 秒

• Supported file formats: avi, wmv, mp4, mov, m2p, mp2, mpg, mpeg, flv, mxf, mts, m4v, 3gp
  支持的文件格式：avi、wmv、mp4、mov、m2p、mp2、mpg、mpeg、flv、mxf、mts、m4v、3gp

Text and Presentations 文本和演示文稿

• Submit your material in PDF format; .doc or .ppt files are not suitable for long-term viability.
  以PDF格式提交材料;.doc或.ppt文件不适合长期生存。

• A collection of figures may also be combined in a PDF file.
  一组图形也可以合并成一个PDF文件。

Spreadsheets 电子 表格

• Spreadsheets should be submitted as .csv or .xlsx files (MS Excel).
  电子表格应以 .csv 或 .xlsx 文件（MS Excel）的形式提交。

Specialized Formats 专业格式

• Specialized format such as .pdb (chemical), .wrl (VRML), .nb (Mathematica notebook), and .tex can also be supplied.
  还可以提供专用格式，例如 .pdb（化学）、.wrl （VRML）、.nb（Mathematica 笔记本）和 .tex。

**Collecting Multiple Files

收集多个文件**

• It is possible to collect multiple files in a .zip or .gz file.
  可以在 .zip 或 .gz 文件中收集多个文件。

Numbering 编号

• If supplying any supplementary material, the text must make specific mention of the material as a citation, similar to that of figures and tables.
  如果提供任何补充材料，文本必须具体提及该材料作为引文，类似于图表。

• Refer to the supplementary files as “Online Resource”, e.g., "... as shown in the animation (Online Resource 3)", “... additional data are given in Online Resource 4”.
  将补充文件称为“在线资源”，例如，“......如动画（在线资源 3）所示“、”......在线资源4中提供了其他数据”。

• Name the files consecutively, e.g. “ESM_3.mpg”, “ESM_4.pdf”.
  连续命名文件，例如“ESM_3.mpg”、“ESM_4.pdf”。

Captions 字幕

• For each supplementary material, please supply a concise caption describing the content of the file.
  对于每份补充材料，请提供简明扼要的说明，说明文件的内容。

**Processing of supplementary files

补充文件的处理**

• Supplementary Information (SI) will be published as received from the author without any conversion, editing, or reformatting.
  补充信息 （SI） 将按从作者处收到的方式发布，无需任何转换、编辑或重新格式化。

Accessibility 可及性

In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your supplementary files, please make sure that
为了让所有能力和残障人士都能访问您的补充文件的内容，请确保

• The manuscript contains a descriptive caption for each supplementary material
  手稿包含每个补充材料的描述性标题

• Video files do not contain anything that flashes more than three times per second (so that users prone to seizures caused by such effects are not put at risk)
  视频文件不包含每秒闪烁超过三次的任何内容（因此，容易由此类影响引起的癫痫发作的用户不会处于危险之中）

Generative AI Images 生成式 AI 图像

Please check Springer’s policy on generative AI images and make sure your work adheres to the principles described therein.
请查看 Springer 关于生成式 AI 图像的政策，并确保您的工作符合其中描述的原则。

Back to top 返回页首

**Research Data Policy and Data Availability Statements

研究数据政策和数据可用性声明**

This journal follows Springer Nature research data policy. Sharing of all relevant research data is strongly encouraged and authors must add a Data Availability Statement to original research articles.
本期刊遵循施普林格·自然（Springer Nature）的研究数据政策。强烈鼓励共享所有相关研究数据，作者必须在原始研究文章中添加数据可用性声明。

Research data includes a wide range of types, including spreadsheets, images, textual extracts, archival documents, video or audio, interview notes or any specialist formats generated during research.
研究数据包括多种类型，包括电子表格、图像、文本摘录、档案文件、视频或音频、访谈记录或研究期间生成的任何专业格式。

**Data availability statements

数据可用性声明**

All original research must include a data availability statement. This statement should explain how to access data supporting the results and analysis in the article, including links/citations to publicly archived datasets analysed or generated during the study. Please see our full policy here.
所有原创研究必须包括数据可用性声明。该声明应解释如何访问支持文章中结果和分析的数据，包括研究期间分析或生成的公开存档数据集的链接/引用。请在此处查看我们的完整政策。

If it is not possible to share research data publicly, for instance when individual privacy could be compromised, this statement should describe how data can be accessed and any conditions for reuse. Participant consent should be obtained and documented prior to data collection. See our guidance on sensitive data for more information.
如果无法公开共享研究数据，例如当个人隐私可能受到损害时，本声明应描述如何访问数据以及重复使用的任何条件。在数据收集之前，应征得参与者的同意并记录在案。有关详细信息，请参阅我们关于敏感数据的指南。

When creating a data availability statement, authors are encouraged to consider the minimal dataset that would be necessary to interpret, replicate and build upon the findings reported in the article.
在创建数据可用性声明时，鼓励作者考虑解释、复制和构建本文中报告的发现所需的最小数据集。

Further guidance on writing a data availability statement, including examples, is available at:
有关编写数据可用性声明（包括示例）的更多指南，请访问：

Data availability statements数据可用性声明

Data repositories 数据存储库

Authors are strongly encouraged to deposit their supporting data in a publicly available repository. Sharing your data in a repository promotes the integrity, discovery and reuse of your research, making it easier for the research community to build on and credit your work.
强烈建议作者将其支持数据存放在公开可用的存储库中。在存储库中共享您的数据可以促进研究的完整性、发现和重用，使研究社区更容易建立和认可您的工作。

See our data repository guidance for information on finding a suitable repository.
有关查找合适存储库的信息，请参阅我们的数据存储库指南。

We recommend the use of discipline-specific repositories where available. For a number of data types, submission to specific public repositories is mandatory.
我们建议使用特定于学科的存储库（如果可用）。对于许多数据类型，必须提交到特定的公共存储库。

See our list of mandated data types.
请参阅我们的强制数据类型列表。

The journal encourages making research data available under open licences that permit reuse. The journal does not enforce use of particular licences in third party repositories. You should ensure you have necessary rights to share any data that you deposit in a repository.
该杂志鼓励在允许重复使用的开放许可下提供研究数据。该期刊不强制使用第三方存储库中的特定许可证。您应确保您拥有共享存放在存储库中的任何数据的必要权限。

Data citation 数据引用方式

The journal recommends that authors cite any publicly available data on which the conclusions of the paper rely. This includes data the authors are sharing alongside their publication and any secondary data the authors have reused. Data citations should include a persistent identifier (such as a DOI), should be included in the reference list using the minimum information recommended by DataCite (Dataset Creator, Dataset Title, Publisher [repository], Publication Year, Identifier [e.g. DOI, Handle, Accession or ARK]) and follow journal style.
该杂志建议作者引用论文结论所依赖的任何公开数据。这包括作者在发表论文时共享的数据以及作者重复使用的任何二手数据。数据引用应包括一个持久的标识符（如DOI），应使用DataCite推荐的最少信息（数据集创建者、数据集标题、出版商[存储库]、出版年份、标识符[例如DOI、句柄、登录或ARK]）包含在参考文献列表中，并遵循期刊风格。

See our further guidance on citing datasets.
请参阅我们关于引用数据集的进一步指南。

**Research data and peer review

研究数据和同行评审**

If the journal that you are submitting to uses double-anonymous peer review and you are providing reviewers with access to your data (for example via a repository link, supplementary information or data on request), it is strongly suggested that the authorship in the data is also anonymised. There are data repositories that can assist with this and/or will create a link to mask the authorship of your data.
如果您投稿的期刊使用双重匿名同行评审，并且您向审稿人提供访问您的数据的权限（例如，通过存储库链接、补充信息或应要求提供的数据），强烈建议数据中的作者身份也匿名化。有一些数据存储库可以帮助解决这个问题和/或创建一个链接来掩盖您的数据的作者身份。

**Support with research data policy

支持研究数据政策**

Authors who need help understanding our data sharing policy, finding a suitable data repository, or organising and sharing research data can consult our Research Data Helpdesk for guidance.
需要帮助了解我们的数据共享政策、寻找合适的数据存储库或组织和共享研究数据的作者可以咨询我们的研究数据服务台以获得指导。

See our FAQ page for more information on Springer Nature's research data policy.
有关施普林格·自然研究数据政策的更多信息，请参阅我们的常见问题页面。

Back to top 返回页首

Editing Services 编辑服务

English 英语

How can you help improve your manuscript for publication?
您如何帮助改进您的稿件以供发表？

Presenting your work in a well-structured manuscript and in well-written English gives it its best chance for editors and reviewers to understand it and evaluate it fairly. Many researchers find that getting some independent support helps them present their results in the best possible light. The experts at Springer Nature Author Services can help you with manuscript preparation—including English language editing, developmental comments, manuscript formatting, figure preparation, translation , and more.
以结构良好的稿件和写得很好的英语展示您的作品，为编辑和审稿人提供了理解和公正评估的最佳机会。许多研究人员发现，获得一些独立支持有助于他们以最佳方式展示他们的结果。施普林格·自然作者服务的专家可以帮助您进行稿件准备，包括英语编辑、发展评论、稿件排版、图表准备、翻译等。

Get started and save 15%开始并节省 15%

You can also use our free Grammar Check tool for an evaluation of your work.
您还可以使用我们的免费语法检查工具来评估您的工作。

Please note that using these tools, or any other service, is not a requirement for publication, nor does it imply or guarantee that editors will accept the article, or even select it for peer review.
请注意，使用这些工具或任何其他服务不是发表文章的必要条件，也不意味着或保证编辑会接受该文章，甚至选择该文章进行同行评审。

Chinese (中文)

您怎么做才有助于改进您的稿件以便顺利发表？

如果在结构精巧的稿件中用精心组织的英语展示您的作品，就能最大限度地让编辑和审稿人理解并公正评估您的作品。许多研究人员发现，获得一些独立支持有助于他们以尽可能美好的方式展示他们的成果。Springer Nature Author Services 的专家可帮助您准备稿件，具体包括润色英语表述、添加有见地的注释、为稿件排版、设计图表、翻译 等。

开始使用即可节省 15% 的费用

您还可以使用我们的免费语法检查工具来评估您的作品。

请注意，使用这些工具或任何其他服务不是发表前必须满足的要求，也不暗示或保证相关文章定会被编辑接受（甚至未必会被选送同行评审）。

Japanese (日本語) Japanese （日本语）

発表に備えて、論文を改善するにはどうすればよいでしょうか？
你如何改进你的论文，为发表做准备？

内容が適切に組み立てられ、質の高い英語で書かれた論文を投稿すれば、編集者や査読者が論文を理解し、公正に評価するための最善の機会となります。多くの研究者は、個別のサポートを受けることで、研究結果を可能な限り最高の形で発表できると思っています。Springer Nature Author Servicesのエキスパートが、英文の編集、建設的な提言、論文の書式、図の調整、翻訳 など、論文の作成をサポートいたします。
提交一篇结构良好、高质量的英文论文是编辑和审稿人理解和公正评价你的论文的最佳机会。 许多研究人员认为，在个性化的支持下，他们可以以最好的方式展示他们的研究。 施普林格·自然作者服务的专家可以帮助您准备论文，包括英文编辑、建设性建议、论文格式、图表调整和翻译。

今なら15％割引でご利用いただけます 现在您可以以 15% 的折扣使用它

原稿の評価に、無料の文法チェックツールもご利用いただけます。
您还可以使用免费的语法检查工具来评估您的稿件。

これらのツールや他のサービスをご利用いただくことは、論文を掲載するための要件ではありません。また、編集者が論文を受理したり、査読に選定したりすることを示唆または保証するものではないことにご注意ください。
使用这些工具或其他服务不是发表论文的必要条件。 另请注意，这并不意味着或保证编辑会接受或选择您的论文进行同行评审。

Korean (한국어) 英语

게재를 위해 원고를 개선하려면 어떻게 해야 할까요?
如何改进我的稿件以供发表？

여러분의 작품을 체계적인 원고로 발표하는 것은 편집자와 심사자가 여러분의 연구를 이해하고 공정하게 평가할 수 있는 최선의 기회를 제공합니다. 많은 연구자들은 어느 정도 독립적인 지원을 받는 것이 가능한 한 최선의 방법으로 자신의 결과를 발표하는 데 도움이 된다고 합니다. Springer Nature Author Services 전문가들은 영어 편집, 발전적인 논평, 원고 서식 지정, 그림 준비, 번역 등과 같은 원고 준비를 도와드릴 수 있습니다.
将您的作品作为组织良好的稿件呈现，为编辑和审稿人提供了理解和公平评估您的工作的最佳机会。许多研究人员发现，获得一定程度的独立支持有助于他们以最佳方式展示结果。施普林格·自然作者服务专业人员可以帮助您准备稿件，包括英文编辑、渐进式评论、稿件排版、插图准备、翻译等。

지금 시작하면 15% 할인됩니다.立即开始，享受 15% 的折扣。

또한 당사의 무료 문법 검사도구를 사용하여 여러분의 연구를 평가할 수 있습니다.
您还可以使用我们的免费语法检查器来评估您的研究。

이러한 도구 또는 기타 서비스를 사용하는 것은 게재를 위한 필수 요구사항이 아니며, 편집자가 해당 논문을 수락하거나 피어 리뷰에 해당 논문을 선택한다는 것을 암시하거나 보장하지는 않습니다.
使用这些工具或其他服务不是出版的必要条件，也不意味着或保证编辑会接受文章或选择文章进行同行评审。

Back to top 返回页首

**Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

作者的道德责任**

This journal is committed to upholding the integrity of the scientific record. As a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) the journal will follow the COPE guidelines on how to deal with potential acts of misconduct.
本刊致力于维护科学记录的完整性。作为出版伦理委员会（COPE）的成员，该杂志将遵循COPE关于如何处理潜在不当行为的指导方针。

Authors should refrain from misrepresenting research results which could damage the trust in the journal, the professionalism of scientific authorship, and ultimately the entire scientific endeavour. Maintaining integrity of the research and its presentation is helped by following the rules of good scientific practice, which include*:
作者应避免歪曲研究结果，这可能会损害对期刊的信任、科学作者的专业性，并最终损害整个科学工作。遵循良好科学实践的规则有助于保持研究及其呈现的完整性，其中包括*：

• The manuscript should not be submitted to more than one journal for simultaneous consideration.
  稿件不应同时提交给多个期刊进行审议。

• The submitted work should be original and should not have been published elsewhere in any form or language (partially or in full), unless the new work concerns an expansion of previous work. (Please provide transparency on the re-use of material to avoid the concerns about text-recycling (‘self-plagiarism’).
  提交的作品应该是原创的，不应该以任何形式或语言（部分或全部）在其他地方发表，除非新作品涉及对以前作品的扩展。（请提供材料再利用的透明度，以避免对文本回收（“自我剽窃”）的担忧。

• A single study should not be split up into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions and submitted to various journals or to one journal over time (i.e. ‘salami-slicing/publishing’).
  一项研究不应被分成几个部分，以增加投稿数量，并随着时间的推移提交给不同的期刊或一个期刊（即“萨拉米香肠切片/出版”）。

• Concurrent or secondary publication is sometimes justifiable, provided certain conditions are met. Examples include: translations or a manuscript that is intended for a different group of readers.
  同时或二次发布有时是合理的，只要满足某些条件。示例包括：面向不同读者群体的翻译或手稿。

• Results should be presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation (including image based manipulation). Authors should adhere to discipline-specific rules for acquiring, selecting and processing data.
  结果应清晰、诚实地呈现，不得捏造、伪造或不适当的数据处理（包括基于图像的处理）。作者在获取、选择和处理数据时应遵守特定学科的规则。

• No data, text, or theories by others are presented as if they were the author’s own (‘plagiarism’). Proper acknowledgements to other works must be given (this includes material that is closely copied (near verbatim), summarized and/or paraphrased), quotation marks (to indicate words taken from another source) are used for verbatim copying of material, and permissions secured for material that is copyrighted.
  其他人的任何数据、文本或理论都不会被当作作者自己的（“剽窃”）。必须对其他作品给予适当的致谢（这包括紧密复制（接近逐字）、摘要和/或释义的材料），引号（表示取自其他来源的单词）用于逐字复制材料，并确保对受版权保护的材料的许可。

Important note: the journal may use software to screen for plagiarism.
重要提示：期刊可能会使用软件来筛选抄袭。

• Authors should make sure they have permissions for the use of software, questionnaires/(web) surveys and scales in their studies (if appropriate).
  作者应确保他们有权在研究中使用软件、问卷/（网络）调查和量表（如果适用）。

• Research articles and non-research articles (e.g. Opinion, Review, and Commentary articles) must cite appropriate and relevant literature in support of the claims made. Excessive and inappropriate self-citation or coordinated efforts among several authors to collectively self-cite is strongly discouraged.
  研究文章和非研究文章（例如意见、评论和评论文章）必须引用适当和相关的文献来支持所提出的主张。强烈建议不要过度和不恰当的自我引用或几位作者之间协调一致地进行集体自我引用。

• Authors should avoid untrue statements about an entity (who can be an individual person or a company) or descriptions of their behavior or actions that could potentially be seen as personal attacks or allegations about that person.
  作者应避免对某个实体（可以是个人或公司）进行不真实的陈述，或对其行为或行动的描述，这些陈述可能被视为对该人的人身攻击或指控。

• Research that may be misapplied to pose a threat to public health or national security should be clearly identified in the manuscript (e.g. dual use of research). Examples include creation of harmful consequences of biological agents or toxins, disruption of immunity of vaccines, unusual hazards in the use of chemicals, weaponization of research/technology (amongst others).
  可能被滥用以对公共卫生或国家安全构成威胁的研究应在手稿中明确指出（例如研究的双重用途）。例子包括生物制剂或毒素的有害后果、疫苗免疫力的破坏、使用化学品的异常危害、研究/技术武器化（除其他外）。

• Authors are strongly advised to ensure the author group, the Corresponding Author, and the order of authors are all correct at submission. Adding and/or deleting authors during the revision stages is generally not permitted, but in some cases may be warranted. Reasons for changes in authorship should be explained in detail. Please note that changes to authorship cannot be made after acceptance of a manuscript.
  强烈建议作者在投稿时确保作者组、通讯作者和作者顺序都正确无误。通常不允许在修订阶段添加和/或删除作者，但在某些情况下可能需要。应详细解释作者身份变更的原因。请注意，稿件被接受后，不能更改作者身份。

*All of the above are guidelines and authors need to make sure to respect third parties rights such as copyright and/or moral rights.
*以上所有内容均为准则，作者需要确保尊重第三方权利，例如版权和/或精神权利。

Upon request authors should be prepared to send relevant documentation or data in order to verify the validity of the results presented. This could be in the form of raw data, samples, records, etc. Sensitive information in the form of confidential or proprietary data is excluded.
根据要求，作者应准备发送相关文件或数据，以验证所提交结果的有效性。这可以是原始数据、样本、记录等形式。机密或专有数据形式的敏感信息被排除在外。

If there is suspicion of misbehavior or alleged fraud the Journal and/or Publisher will carry out an investigation following COPE guidelines. If, after investigation, there are valid concerns, the author(s) concerned will be contacted under their given e-mail address and given an opportunity to address the issue. Depending on the situation, this may result in the Journal’s and/or Publisher’s implementation of the following measures, including, but not limited to:
如果怀疑存在不当行为或涉嫌欺诈行为，期刊和/或出版商将按照COPE指南进行调查。如果经过调查后，有正当的顾虑，将通过有关提交人的电子邮件地址与他们联系，并给予他们解决问题的机会。根据具体情况，这可能导致期刊和/或出版商实施以下措施，包括但不限于：

• If the manuscript is still under consideration, it may be rejected and returned to the author.
  如果稿件仍在考虑中，可能会被拒绝并退回给作者。

• If the article has already been published online, depending on the nature and severity of the infraction:
  如果文章已经在网上发表，根据违规行为的性质和严重程度：

- an erratum/correction may be placed with the article
- 文章可能会有勘误/更正

- an expression of concern may be placed with the article
- 可以在文章中表达关切

- or in severe cases retraction of the article may occur.
- 或在严重的情况下，可能会撤稿。

The reason will be given in the published erratum/correction, expression of concern or retraction note. Please note that retraction means that the article is maintained on the platform , watermarked “retracted” and the explanation for the retraction is provided in a note linked to the watermarked article.
原因将在公布的勘误表/更正、关注表达或撤稿说明中给出。请注意，撤稿是指文章保留在平台上，带有水印的“撤稿”，并在链接到带水印的文章的注释中提供了撤稿的解释。

• The author’s institution may be informed
  可通知提交人的机构

• A notice of suspected transgression of ethical standards in the peer review system may be included as part of the author’s and article’s bibliographic record.
  在同行评审系统中，涉嫌违反道德标准的通知可以作为作者和文章书目记录的一部分。

Fundamental errors 基本误差

Authors have an obligation to correct mistakes once they discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their published article. The author(s) is/are requested to contact the journal and explain in what sense the error is impacting the article. A decision on how to correct the literature will depend on the nature of the error. This may be a correction or retraction. The retraction note should provide transparency which parts of the article are impacted by the error.
一旦作者发现其已发表的文章中存在重大错误或不准确之处，就有义务纠正错误。请作者与期刊联系，并解释错误在何种意义上影响了文章。如何更正文献的决定将取决于错误的性质。这可能是更正或撤回。撤稿说明应提供文章的哪些部分受到错误影响的透明度。

**Suggesting / excluding reviewers

建议/排除审稿人**

Authors are welcome to suggest suitable reviewers and/or request the exclusion of certain individuals when they submit their manuscripts. When suggesting reviewers, authors should make sure they are totally independent and not connected to the work in any way. It is strongly recommended to suggest a mix of reviewers from different countries and different institutions. When suggesting reviewers, the Corresponding Author must provide an institutional email address for each suggested reviewer, or, if this is not possible to include other means of verifying the identity such as a link to a personal homepage, a link to the publication record or a researcher or author ID in the submission letter. Please note that the Journal may not use the suggestions, but suggestions are appreciated and may help facilitate the peer review process.
欢迎作者在提交稿件时推荐合适的审稿人和/或要求排除某些人。在推荐审稿人时，作者应确保他们完全独立，并且与工作没有任何联系。强烈建议建议将来自不同国家和不同机构的审稿人组合在一起。在推荐审稿人时，通讯作者必须为每位推荐的审稿人提供一个机构电子邮件地址，或者，如果无法包括其他验证身份的方式，例如个人主页的链接、出版记录的链接或研究人员或作者 ID。请注意，《华尔街日报》可能不会使用这些建议，但建议是值得赞赏的，并可能有助于促进同行评审过程。

Back to top 返回页首

**Compliance with Ethical Standards

遵守道德标准**

To ensure objectivity and transparency in research and to ensure that accepted principles of ethical and professional conduct have been followed, authors should include information regarding sources of funding, potential conflicts of interest (financial or non-financial), informed consent if the research involved human participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the research involved animals.
为确保研究的客观性和透明度，并确保遵循公认的道德和专业行为原则，作者应包括有关资金来源、潜在利益冲突（财务或非财务）、知情同意（如果研究涉及人类参与者）的信息，以及关于动物福利的声明（如果研究涉及动物）。

Authors should include the following statements (if applicable) in a separate section entitled “Compliance with Ethical Standards” when submitting a paper:
提交论文时，作者应在标题为“遵守道德标准”的单独部分中包含以下声明（如适用）：

• Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest
  披露潜在的利益冲突

• Research involving Human Participants and/or Animals
  涉及人类参与者和/或动物的研究

• Informed consent 知情同意

Please note that standards could vary slightly per journal dependent on their peer review policies (i.e. single or double blind peer review) as well as per journal subject discipline. Before submitting your article check the instructions following this section carefully.
请注意，每个期刊的标准可能略有不同，具体取决于其同行评审政策（即单盲或双盲同行评审）以及每个期刊的学科。在提交您的文章之前，请仔细检查本节后面的说明。

The corresponding author should be prepared to collect documentation of compliance with ethical standards and send if requested during peer review or after publication.
通讯作者应准备好收集符合道德标准的文件，并在同行评审期间或出版后提出要求。

The Editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned guidelines. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned guidelines.
编辑保留拒绝不符合上述准则的稿件的权利。作者将对虚假陈述或未能遵守上述准则负责。

Back to top 返回页首

Competing Interests 利益争夺

Authors are requested to disclose interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. Interests within the last 3 years of beginning the work (conducting the research and preparing the work for submission) should be reported. Interests outside the 3-year time frame must be disclosed if they could reasonably be perceived as influencing the submitted work. Disclosure of interests provides a complete and transparent process and helps readers form their own judgments of potential bias. This is not meant to imply that a financial relationship with an organization that sponsored the research or compensation received for consultancy work is inappropriate.
要求作者披露与提交发表的作品直接或间接相关的兴趣。应报告开始工作（进行研究和准备提交工作）最近 3 年内的兴趣。如果可以合理地认为影响提交的作品，则必须披露 3 年时间范围之外的利益。利益披露提供了一个完整和透明的过程，并帮助读者形成自己对潜在偏见的判断。这并不意味着与赞助研究或因咨询工作而获得报酬的组织建立财务关系是不合适的。

Editorial Board Members and Editors are required to declare any competing interests and may be excluded from the peer review process if a competing interest exists. In addition, they should exclude themselves from handling manuscripts in cases where there is a competing interest. This may include – but is not limited to – having previously published with one or more of the authors, and sharing the same institution as one or more of the authors. Where an Editor or Editorial Board Member is on the author list they must declare this in the competing interests section on the submitted manuscript. If they are an author or have any other competing interest regarding a specific manuscript, another Editor or member of the Editorial Board will be assigned to assume responsibility for overseeing peer review. These submissions are subject to the exact same review process as any other manuscript. Editorial Board Members are welcome to submit papers to the journal. These submissions are not given any priority over other manuscripts, and Editorial Board Member status has no bearing on editorial consideration.
编委会成员和编辑必须声明任何竞争利益，如果存在竞争利益，可能会被排除在同行评审过程之外。此外，在存在利益冲突的情况下，他们应该排除自己处理手稿。这可能包括但不限于以前与一位或多位作者一起发表过文章，并与一位或多位作者共享同一机构。如果编辑或编辑委员会成员在作者名单上，他们必须在提交稿件的竞争利益部分声明这一点。如果他们是作者或对特定稿件有任何其他竞争利益，则将指派另一位编辑或编辑委员会成员负责监督同行评审。这些投稿的审查过程与任何其他稿件完全相同。欢迎编委会成员向本刊投稿。这些投稿不优先于其他稿件，编辑委员会成员身份与编辑考虑无关。

Interests that should be considered and disclosed but are not limited to the following:
应考虑和披露的利益，但不限于以下内容：

Funding: Research grants from funding agencies (please give the research funder and the grant number) and/or research support (including salaries, equipment, supplies, reimbursement for attending symposia, and other expenses) by organizations that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript.
资助：来自资助机构的研究资助（请提供研究资助者和资助编号）和/或研究支持（包括工资、设备、用品、参加研讨会的报销和其他费用），这些组织可能因出版本手稿而获得或失去经济收益。

Employment: Recent (while engaged in the research project), present or anticipated employment by any organization that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript. This includes multiple affiliations (if applicable).
就业：最近（在从事研究项目时），目前或预期的任何组织的工作，这些组织可能因出版本手稿而获得或失去经济收益。这包括多个隶属关系（如果适用）。

Financial interests: Stocks or shares in companies (including holdings of spouse and/or children) that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript; consultation fees or other forms of remuneration from organizations that may gain or lose financially; patents or patent applications whose value may be affected by publication of this manuscript.
经济利益：可能因出版本手稿而获得或损失的公司的股票或股份（包括配偶和/或子女的持股）;来自可能在经济上获得或损失的组织的咨询费或其他形式的报酬;其价值可能因本稿件的出版而受到影响的专利或专利申请。

It is difficult to specify a threshold at which a financial interest becomes significant, any such figure is necessarily arbitrary, so one possible practical guideline is the following: "Any undeclared financial interest that could embarrass the author were it to become publicly known after the work was published."
很难具体说明经济利益变得重要的门槛，任何这样的数字都必然是任意的，因此一个可能的实用准则如下：“任何未申报的经济利益，如果在作品出版后被公开，可能会使作者感到尴尬。

Non-financial interests: In addition, authors are requested to disclose interests that go beyond financial interests that could impart bias on the work submitted for publication such as professional interests, personal relationships or personal beliefs (amongst others). Examples include, but are not limited to: position on editorial board, advisory board or board of directors or other type of management relationships; writing and/or consulting for educational purposes; expert witness; mentoring relations; and so forth.
非经济利益：此外，作者被要求披露超出经济利益的利益，这些利益可能会对提交出版的作品产生偏见，例如专业兴趣、个人关系或个人信仰（除其他外）。示例包括但不限于：在编辑委员会、顾问委员会或董事会或其他类型的管理关系中担任职务;出于教育目的的写作和/或咨询;专家证人;指导关系;等等。

Primary research articles require a disclosure statement. Review articles present an expert synthesis of evidence and may be treated as an authoritative work on a subject. Review articles therefore require a disclosure statement.Other article types such as editorials, book reviews, comments (amongst others) may, dependent on their content, require a disclosure statement. If you are unclear whether your article type requires a disclosure statement, please contact the Editor-in-Chief.
主要研究文章需要披露声明。综述文章是对证据的专家综合，可以被视为某个主题的权威著作。因此，综述文章需要披露声明。其他文章类型，如社论、书评、评论（等）可能需要披露声明，具体取决于其内容。如果您不清楚您的文章类型是否需要披露声明，请联系主编。

Please note that, in addition to the above requirements, funding information (given that funding is a potential competing interest (as mentioned above)) needs to be disclosed upon submission of the manuscript in the peer review system. This information will automatically be added to the Record of CrossMark, however it is not added to the manuscript itself. Under ‘summary of requirements’ (see below) funding information should be included in the ‘Declarations ’ section.
请注意，除上述要求外，在同行评审系统中提交稿件时，还需要披露资助信息（鉴于资助是潜在的竞争利益（如上所述））。这些信息将自动添加到CrossMark的记录中，但不会添加到稿件本身中。在“需求摘要”（见下文）下，资金信息应包含在“声明”部分。

Summary of requirements 需求摘要

The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section before the reference list under a heading of ‘Funding’ and/or ‘Competing interests’. Other declarations include Ethics approval, Consent, Data, Material and/or Code availability and Authors’ contribution statements.
上述内容应在一份声明中加以总结，并放在“资金”和/或“竞争利益”标题下的参考清单之前的“声明”部分。其他声明包括伦理批准、同意、数据、材料和/或代码可用性以及作者的贡献声明。

Please see the various examples of wording below and revise/customize the sample statements according to your own needs.
请参阅下面的各种措辞示例，并根据自己的需要修改/自定义示例语句。

When all authors have the same (or no) conflicts and/or funding it is sufficient to use one blanket statement.
当所有作者都有相同（或没有）冲突和/或资金时，使用一个笼统的陈述就足够了。

Examples of statements to be used when funding has been received:
收到资金后使用的报表示例：

• Partial financial support was received from [...]
  部分财政支持来自 [...]

• The research leading to these results received funding from […] under Grant Agreement No[…].
  导致这些结果的研究根据赠款协议编号[...]获得了[...]的资助。

• This study was funded by […]
  这项研究由 [...]

• This work was supported by […] (Grant numbers […] and […]
  这项工作得到了 [...]（授权编号 [...] 和 [...]

Examples of statements to be used when there is no funding:
没有资金时使用的报表示例：

• The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.
  作者没有得到任何组织对所提交工作的支持。

• No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
  没有收到任何资金来协助编写这份手稿。

• No funding was received for conducting this study.
  没有收到进行这项研究的资金。

• No funds, grants, or other support was received.
  没有收到任何资金、赠款或其他支持。

Examples of statements to be used when there are interests to declare:
当有利益需要声明时使用的陈述示例：

• Financial interests: Author A has received research support from Company A. Author B has received a speaker honorarium from Company Wand owns stock in Company X. Author C is consultant to company Y.
  经济利益：作者 A 获得了 A 公司的研究支持，作者 B 获得了 Wand 公司的演讲酬金，拥有 X 公司的股票。 作者 C 是 Y 公司的顾问。

Non-financial interests: Author C is an unpaid member of committee Z.
非经济利益：作者 C 是 Z 委员会的无薪成员。

• Financial interests: The authors declare they have no financial interests.
  经济利益：作者声明他们没有经济利益。

Non-financial interests: Author A is on the board of directors of Y and receives no compensation as member of the board of directors.
非经济利益：作者 A 是 Y 的董事会成员，作为董事会成员不收取任何报酬。

• Financial interests: Author A received a speaking fee from Y for Z. Author B receives a salary from association X. X where s/he is the Executive Director.
  经济利益：作者 A 从 Y 那里为 Z 收取演讲费，作者 B 从 X. X 协会领取薪水，X. X 是该协会的执行董事。

Non-financial interests: none.
非经济利益：无。

• Financial interests: Author A and B declare they have no financial interests. Author C has received speaker and consultant honoraria from Company M and Company N. Dr. C has received speaker honorarium and research funding from Company M and Company O. Author D has received travel support from Company O.
  经济利益：作者 A 和 B 声明他们没有经济利益。作者 C 已获得 M 公司和 N 公司的演讲者和顾问酬金。 C 博士已获得 M 公司和 O 公司的演讲者酬金和研究经费。

Non-financial interests: Author D has served on advisory boards for Company M, Company N and Company O.
非经济利益：作者 D 曾在 M 公司、N 公司和 O 公司的顾问委员会任职。

Examples of statements to be used when authors have nothing to declare:
当作者无须声明时使用的语句示例：

• The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
  作者没有相关的财务或非财务利益需要披露。

• The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
  作者没有与本文内容相关的竞争利益需要声明。

• All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
  所有作者都证明，他们与任何组织或实体没有任何隶属关系，也没有参与任何组织或实体，对本手稿中讨论的主题或材料有任何经济利益或非经济利益。

• The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.
  作者对本文讨论的任何材料没有经济或所有权利益。

Authors are responsible for correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript. See also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject submissions that do not meet the guidelines described in this section.
作者对稿件中提供的陈述的正确性负责。另请参阅作者原则。主编保留拒绝不符合本节所述准则的投稿的权利。

Back to top 返回页首

After acceptance 验收后

Upon acceptance, your article will be exported to Production to undergo typesetting. Shortly after this you will receive two e-mails. One contains a request to confirm your affiliation, confirm the publishing model for your article, as well as to arrange rights and payment of any associated publication cost. A second e-mail containing a link to your article’s proofs will be sent once typesetting is completed.
验收后，您的文章将被导出到生产环境进行排版。在此之后不久，您将收到两封电子邮件。其中一份包含确认您的隶属关系、确认您文章的出版模式以及安排权利和支付任何相关出版费用的请求。排版完成后，将发送第二封电子邮件，其中包含指向您文章校样的链接。

Offprints 分印本

Offprints can be ordered by the corresponding author.
副印本可以由通讯作者订购。

Color illustrations 彩色插图

Online publication of color illustrations is free of charge. For color in the print version, authors will be expected to make a contribution towards the extra costs.
彩色插图的在线出版是免费的。对于印刷版的彩色，作者将需要为额外费用做出贡献。

Proof reading 校对读数

The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor.
校对的目的是检查排版或转换错误以及文本、表格和图表的完整性和准确性。未经编辑批准，不得对内容进行重大更改，例如新结果、更正值、标题和作者身份。

After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.
在线发布后，只能以勘误表的形式进行进一步的更改，该勘误表将超链接到文章。

Back to top 返回页首

Copyright 版权

Articles in Springer Nature open access journals do not require transfer of copyright as the copyright remains with the author. In confirming the publication of your article with open access you agree to the Creative Commons Attribution License.
施普林格·自然（Springer Nature）开放获取期刊上的文章不需要转让版权，因为版权仍归作者所有。在确认您的文章以开放获取方式发表时，您同意知识共享署名许可。

Find more about the license agreement查找有关许可协议的更多信息

网址：

Home | Artificial Intelligence Review