国际电动汽车标准现状，相关IEC国际标准

IEC标准

1. IEC/TC69委员会简介

IEC（International Electro-Technical Commission）作为一项历史悠久的重要标准化事业组织，在1906年正式成立。它是现存最早的专门负责电工与电子领域标准化事务的国际机构。该组织作为一个非政府性、非官方性的国际团体，在联合国社会经济理事会中担任最高级别的咨询实体角色。其主要职责在于制定相关领域的国际规范。

TC69代号被指定为电动道路车辆和电动工业用载货车技术委员会，并于1970年开始成立。自其成立以来，在电动车辆能有效改善环境问题的同时减少能源消耗方面各方均抱有极大期待。然而前期工作进展缓慢直至20世纪80年代才制定了包括充电器、连接线和车辆驱动系统在内的多项标准。近年来全球范围内对环境保护的关注程度不断提高特别是一些地区已通过立法强制推广零排放或低排放汽车推动了全球范围内的电动汽车研发与应用热潮

IEC/TC69主要专注于能量转换与存储系统、电路保护措施、供车辆使用的外部电力系统以及电机和控制系统特性测量方法及其定义等关键领域。该组织设有四个专门工作组致力于相关领域的研究与发展工作。

WG2：车辆系统；

WG3：车载储能系统；

WG4：充电器及电动车辆用连接器；

WG5：混合动力车辆。

在未来的几年里，电动车辆将应用新型技术以取得电池、动力电子装置和驱动系统的显著进展。该组织的重点在于研究新型技术的同时致力于制定相关标准以确保人员安全、评估车辆性能以及保障 interchangeability的标准。

2. 电动汽车IEC标准现状及动态

在促进电动汽车标准研究方面，IEC专注于推动电子元器件与充电基础设施的发展。详细罗列了IEC下属电动道路车辆与电动载货车分技术委员会（TC69）所制定及开展的标准信息。

表1 TC69制定的15项电动车辆标准

标准号	标准名称	标准版本	标准发布日期
[IEC 61851-1:2017]( "IEC 61851-1:2017")	Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements	Edition 3.0	2017-02-07
[IEC 61851-21-1:2017]( "IEC 61851-21-1:2017")	Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 21-1 Electric vehicle on-board charger EMC requirements for conductive connection to AC/DC supply	Edition 1.0	2017-06-19
[IEC 61851-23:2014]( "IEC 61851-23:2014") [IEC 61851023 COR 2016]( "IEC 61851023 COR 2016")	Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 23: DC electric vehicle charging station	Edition 1.0	2014-03-11
[IEC 61851-23:2014/COR1:2016]( "IEC 61851-23:2014/COR1:2016")	Corrigendum 1 - Electric vehicle conductive charging systems - Part 23: DC electric vehicle charging station	Edition 1.0	2016-05-18
[IEC 61851-24:2014]( "IEC 61851-24:2014") [IEC 61851-24:2014 中文]( "IEC 61851-24:2014 中文")	Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 24: Digital communication between a d.c. EV charging station and an electric vehicle for control of d.c. charging	Edition 1.0	2014-03-07
[IEC 61851-24:2014/COR1:2015]( "IEC 61851-24:2014/COR1:2015")	Corrigendum 1 - Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 24: Digital communication between a d.c. EV charging station and an electric vehicle for control of d.c. charging	Edition 1.0	2015-06-17
[IEC 61980-1:2020]( "IEC 61980-1:2020")	Electric vehicle wireless power transfer (WPT) systems - Part 1: General requirements	Edition 2.0	2020-11
[IEC 62576:2018]( "IEC 62576:2018")	Electric double-layer capacitors for use in hybrid electric vehicles - Test methods for electrical characteristics	Edition 2.0	2018-2
[IEC TS 62840-1:2016]( "IEC TS 62840-1:2016")	Electric vehicle battery swap system - Part 1: General and guidance	Edition 1.0	2016-07-12
[IEC 62840-2:2019]( "IEC 62840-2:2019") [IEC 62840-2:2016中文]( "IEC 62840-2:2016中文")	Electric vehicle battery swap system - Part 2: Safety requirements	Edition 1.0	2016-10-04
[IEC 62840-3:2021]( "IEC 62840-3:2021")	Electric vehicle battery swap system – Part 3: Particular safety and interoperability requirements for battery swap systems operating with removable RESS/battery systems	Edition 1.0	2021-09
[ISO 15118-1:2019]( "ISO 15118-1:2019")	Road vehicles -- Vehicle to grid communication interface -- Part 1: General information and use-case definition	Edition 2.0	2019
[ISO 15118-2:2014]( "ISO 15118-2:2014")	Road vehicles -- Vehicle-to-Grid Communication Interface -- Part 2: Network and application protocol requirements	Edition 1.0	2014-03-31
[ISO 15118-3:2015]( "ISO 15118-3:2015") [ISO 15118-3:2015中文]( "ISO 15118-3:2015中文")	Road vehicles -- Vehicle to grid communication interface -- Part 3: Physical and data link layer requirements	Edition 1.0	2015-05-26
[ISO 17409:2020]( "ISO 17409:2020")	Electrically propelled road vehicles -- Connection to an external electric power supply -- Safety requirements	Edition 2.0	2020-10-23

表2 IEC/TC69正在制修订的30项标准计划

标准号（计划）	标准名称
IEC TS 61851-3-1 ED1	Electric Vehicles conductive power supply system - Part 3-1: General Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) a.c. and d.c. conductive power supply systems
IEC TS 61851-3-2 ED1	Electric Vehicles conductive power supply system - Part 3-2: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) DC off-board conductive power supply systems
IEC TS 61851-3-3 ED1	Electric Vehicles conductive power supply system - Part 3-3: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) battery swap systems
IEC TS 61851-3-4 ED1	Electric Vehicles conductive power supply system - Part 3-4: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) communication
IEC TS 61851-3-5 ED1	ELECTRIC VEHICLES CONDUCTIVE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM - Part 3-5: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Pre-defined communication parameters
IEC TS 61851-3-6 ED1	ELECTRIC VEHICLES CONDUCTIVE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM - Part 3-6, Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Voltage converter unit
IEC TS 61851-3-7 ED1	ELECTRIC VEHICLES CONDUCTIVE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM - Part 3-7, Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Battery system
[IEC 61851-21-2 :2018]( "IEC 61851-21-2 :2018")	Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 21-2: Electric vehicle requirements for conductive connection to an AC/DC supply - EMC requirements for off board electric vehicle charging systems
[IEC 61851-23 COR1 2016]( "IEC 61851-23 COR1 2016")	Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 23: DC electric vehicle charging station
[IEC 61851-23]( "IEC 61851-23")	Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 23-1: D.C. electric vehicle charging station with an autoconnect charging device
[IEC 61851-25 :2020 ]( "IEC 61851-25 :2020        ")	Electric vehicle conductive charging system – Part 25: DC EV supply
[IEC 61851-23]( "IEC 61851-23")	Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 23-2: DC charging system for small energy capacity
[IEC 61851-24 ]( "IEC 61851-24 ")	Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 24: Digital communication between a d.c. EV charging station and an electric vehicle for control of d.c. charging
[IEC 61980-1:2020]( "IEC 61980-1:2020")	ELECTRIC VEHICLE WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER (WPT) SYSTEMS - Part 1: General requirements
[IEC TS 61980-2 ]( "IEC TS 61980-2 ")	Electric vehicle wireless power transfer (WPT) systems - Part 2 specific requirements for communication between electric road vehicle (EV) and infrastructure with respect to wireless power transfer (WPT) systems
[IEC TS 61980-3 ]( "IEC TS 61980-3 ")	Electric vehicle wireless power transfer (WPT) systems - Part 3 Specific requirements for the magnetic field wireless power transfer systems
[IEC 62576 ]( "IEC 62576 ")	Electric double-layer capacitors for use in hybrid electric vehicles - Test methods for electrical characteristics
[IEC 63110-1 :2022]( "IEC 63110-1 :2022")	Protocol for Management of Electric Vehicles charging and discharging infrastructures Part 1: Basic Definitions, Use Cases and architectures
IEC 63110-2 ED	Protocol for Management of Electric Vehicles charging and discharging infrastructures Part 2: Technical protocol specifications and requirements
IEC 63110-3 ED	Protocol for Management of Electric Vehicles charging and discharging infrastructures Part 3: Requirements for conformance tests
[IEC 63119-1 :2019]( "IEC 63119-1 :2019")	Information exchange for Electric Vehicle charging roaming service - Part 1:General
[IEC 63119-2 :2022]( "IEC 63119-2 :2022")	Information exchange for electric vehicle charging roaming service – Part 2: Use cases
[ISO 15118-1 ]( "ISO 15118-1 ")	Road vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface - Part 1: General information and use case definition
[ISO 15118-2 ]( "ISO 15118-2 ")	Road vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface - Part 2: Network and application protocol requirements
[ISO 15118-4]( "ISO 15118-4")	Road Vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface - Part 4: Network and application protocol conformance test
[ISO 15118-5 ]( "ISO 15118-5 ")	Road vehicles - Vehicles to grid communication interface - Part 5: Physical and data link layer conformance tests
[ISO 15118-8 ]( "ISO 15118-8 ")	Road vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface - Part 8: Physical layer and data link layer requirements for wireless communication
[ISO 15118-9 ]( "ISO 15118-9 ")	Road vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface - Part 9: Physical and data link layer conformance test for wireless communication
[ISO 18246 :2023]( "ISO 18246 :2023")	Electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles - Safety requirements for conductive connection to an external electric power supply

此外，在电器附件技术委员会（IEC/TC23）下设的工业插头插座分委会（SC23H）中制定了多项电动汽车充电连接器相关标准。其中IEC 62196-1:2014《充电桩插头插座的基本要求》涵盖了美国、加拿大、韩国、日本、澳大利亚等国家和地区；而IEC 62196-2:2016《交流充电桩的尺寸和互换性要求》则专注于欧洲市场，并对Type1（欧盟）和中国标准进行了明确规定。此外，在该标准系列中还包括IEC 62196-3:2014《直流充电桩的尺寸和互换性要求》，该标准进一步细化了基于PLC的Combo1&2系统以及基于CAN协议的中国直流充电接口和CHAdeMO接口的技术规范。