IPv6路由协议---IPv6动态路由(OSPFv3-5)
OSPFv3各链路状态通告类型
4.Inter-Area-Router-LSA区域间路由器(4类LSA)
边界路由器(ABR)所生成的第4类广域网生存状态数据单元(LSA)通过Area范围传播,并包含了本AS内其他区域的ASBR路由器相关信息。每个Inter-Area-Router-LSA都包含一个ASBR路由器的信息,并且其包含的能力选项与所描述的ASBR Router LSA中的能力选项相同。OSPFv3版本中使用的第4类LSA会采用32位整数作为Link State ID来标识相同的路径状态数据单元。

Option: 该字段不描述源路由器的能力而描述目的路由器支持的能力。因此该字段值应等于目的路由器对应的Router-LSA中的Options字段值。
Metric: Cost字段。
Destination Router ID: 目的路由器的Router ID。
LS Type: LS类型值为0x2004时,默认泛洪范围为区域泛洪。
4类LSA实验现象
根据以下拓扑图验证4类LSA的产生及应用。

1.IPv6地址配置
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname AR1
[AR1]ipv6
[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 enable
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 address 2001:1:12::1 64
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[AR1]
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname AR2
[AR2]ipv6
[AR2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 enable
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 address 2001:1:12::2 64
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[AR2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 enable
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 address 2001:1:23::2 64
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[AR2]
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname AR3
[AR3]ipv6
[AR3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 enable
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipv6 address 2001:1:23::3 64
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[AR3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 enable
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 address 2001:1:34::3 64
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[AR3]
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname AR4
[AR4]ipv6
[AR4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 enable
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipv6 address 2001:1:34::4 64
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[AR4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipv6 enable
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipv6 address 2001:1:45::4 64
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[AR4]
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname AR5
[AR5]ipv6
[AR5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipv6 enable
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipv6 address 2001:1:45::5 64
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[AR5]interface LoopBack 0
[AR5-LoopBack0]ipv6 enable
[AR5-LoopBack0]ipv6 address 4000:1:1::1 128
[AR5-LoopBack0]quit
[AR5]
AI写代码
2.配置OSPFv3路由协议和IPv6静态路由
[AR1]ospfv3 1
[AR1-ospfv3-1]router-id 1.1.1.1
[AR1-ospfv3-1]quit
[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospfv3 1 area 1
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[AR1]
[AR2]ospfv3 1
[AR2-ospfv3-1]router-id 2.2.2.2
[AR2-ospfv3-1]q
[AR2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospfv3 1 area 1
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[AR2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospfv3 1 area 0
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[AR2]
[AR3]ospfv3 1
[AR3-ospfv3-1]router-id 3.3.3.3
[AR3-ospfv3-1]quit
[AR3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospfv3 1 area 0
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[AR3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospfv3 1 area 2
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[AR3]
[AR4]ospfv3 1
[AR4-ospfv3-1]router-id 4.4.4.4
[AR4-ospfv3-1]q
[AR4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospfv3 1 area 2
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[AR4]
AR4还需要配置IPv6静态路由与AR5的Loopback接口互通。
[AR4]ipv6 route-static 4000:1:1::1 128 2001:1:45::5
[AR5]ipv6 route-static :: 0 2001:1:45::4
AI写代码
3.路由引入
在AR4路由器将IPv6静态路由引入到OSPFv3。
[AR4]ospfv3 1
[AR4-ospfv3-1]import-route static cost 3
[AR4-ospfv3-1]quit
[AR4]
AI写代码
4.检查OSPFv3路由
通过查询信息中可以得到,AR1路由器已经收到外部路由4000:1:1::1/128的路由。
[AR1]display ipv6 routing-table protocol ospfv3
Public Routing Table : OSPFv3
Summary Count : 4
OSPFv3 Routing Table's Status : < Active >
Summary Count : 3
Destination : 2001:1:23:: PrefixLength : 64
NextHop : FE80::2E0:FCFF:FE5F:29A Preference : 10
Cost : 2 Protocol : OSPFv3
RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0
Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Flags : D
Destination : 2001:1:34:: PrefixLength : 64
NextHop : FE80::2E0:FCFF:FE5F:29A Preference : 10
Cost : 3 Protocol : OSPFv3
RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0
Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Flags : D
Destination : 4000:1:1::1 PrefixLength : 128
NextHop : FE80::2E0:FCFF:FE5F:29A Preference : 150
Cost : 3 Protocol : OSPFv3ASE
RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0
Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Flags : D
OSPFv3 Routing Table's Status : < Inactive >
Summary Count : 1
Destination : 2001:1:12:: PrefixLength : 64
NextHop : :: Preference : 10
Cost : 1 Protocol : OSPFv3
RelayNextHop : :: TunnelID : 0x0
Interface : GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Flags :
[AR1]
AI写代码
5.检查OSPFv3的4类LSA
OSPFv34的状态信息标识符是AR4路由器的Router ID(即该路由器内部使用的地址选型),而AR4路由器本身是一台ASBR设备。
ABR不会因收到5号类型的信息而生成四号类型的信息;实际上只有当该ASBR所在的区域接收到了来自该ASBR的一号类型信息时才会发送出四号类型信息。
[AR3]display ospfv3 lsdb inter-router
OSPFv3 Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process 1)
Inter-Area-Router-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
LS Age: 775
LS Type: Inter-Area-Router-LSA
Link State ID: 4.4.4.4
Originating Router: 3.3.3.3
LS Seq Number: 0x80000001
Retransmit Count: 0
Checksum: 0xD326
Length: 32
Options: 0x000013 (-|R|-|-|E|V6)
Metric: 1
Destination Router ID: 4.4.4.4
[AR3]
每个区域都存在4类LSA。
[AR2]display ospfv3 lsdb inter-router
OSPFv3 Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process 1)
Inter-Area-Router-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
LS Age: 1038
LS Type: Inter-Area-Router-LSA
Link State ID: 4.4.4.4
Originating Router: 3.3.3.3
LS Seq Number: 0x80000001
Retransmit Count: 0
Checksum: 0xD326
Length: 32
Options: 0x000013 (-|R|-|-|E|V6)
Metric: 1
Destination Router ID: 4.4.4.4
Inter-Area-Router-LSA (Area 0.0.0.1)
LS Age: 1037
LS Type: Inter-Area-Router-LSA
Link State ID: 4.4.4.4
Originating Router: 2.2.2.2
LS Seq Number: 0x80000001
Retransmit Count: 0
Checksum: 0xFB01
Length: 32
Options: 0x000013 (-|R|-|-|E|V6)
Metric: 2
Destination Router ID: 4.4.4.4
[AR2]
AI写代码
5.AS-External-LSA自治系统LSA(5类LSA)
由ASBR生成的5类LSA会映射至自治系统外部的路由,并发送给所有区域,并且不包括Stub区域以及NSSA区域。每个生成的5类LSA仅覆盖一个自治系统外部特定前缀范围内的路径。
[AR2]display ospfv3 lsdb external
OSPFv3 Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process 1)
AS-External-LSA
LS Age: 1744
LS Type: AS-External-LSA
Link State ID: 0.0.0.1
Originating Router: 4.4.4.4
LS Seq Number: 0x80000002
Retransmit Count: 0
Checksum: 0x0B1F
Length: 48
Flags: (E|-|T)
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
Metric: 3
Prefix: 4000:1:1::1/128
Prefix Options: 0 (-|-|-|-|-)
Tag: 1
[AR2]
AI写代码
6.NSSA LSA (7类LSA)
源自 NSSA 内部的 ASBR 产生,在 ABRS 环境中仅限于 NSSA 内部传播。经由转换成为类型 5 并逐渐向骨干网络延伸
[AR3]display ospfv3 lsdb nssa
OSPFv3 Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process 1)
NSSA-external-LSA (Area 0.0.0.2)
LS Age: 28
LS Type: NSSA-external-LSA
Link State ID: 0.0.0.1
Originating Router: 3.3.3.3
LS Seq Number: 0x80000001
Retransmit Count: 0
Checksum: 0x36EC
Length: 32
Flags: (E|-|T)
Metric Type: 2 (Larger than any link state path)
Metric: 1
Prefix: ::/0
Prefix Options: 0 (-|-|-|-|-)
Tag: 1
[AR3]
AI写代码
在配置Area 2为NSSA区域后,在其他区域不再展示4类LSA信息这一区别与OSPFv2版本之间
[AR3]display ospfv3 lsdb
* indicates STALE LSA
OSPFv3 Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process 1)
Link-LSA (Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix
0.0.0.4 2.2.2.2 1359 0x80000002 0x62d8 1
0.0.0.3 3.3.3.3 1347 0x80000002 0x0d5f 1
Link-LSA (Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix
0.0.0.4 3.3.3.3 0352 0x80000001 0x75e6 1
0.0.0.4 4.4.4.4 0341 0x80000001 0x9922 1
Router-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Link
0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 1298 0x80000007 0x8676 1
0.0.0.0 3.3.3.3 0351 0x80000008 0x5e98 1
Network-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum
0.0.0.3 3.3.3.3 1307 0x80000002 0x8084
Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum
0.0.0.1 2.2.2.2 1324 0x80000002 0xd3e3
0.0.0.1 3.3.3.3 0297 0x80000001 0xd9b8
Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.0)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix Reference
0.0.0.1 3.3.3.3 0347 0x80000008 0x025b 1 Network-LSA
Router-LSA (Area 0.0.0.2)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Link
0.0.0.0 3.3.3.3 0290 0x80000006 0xc82c 1
0.0.0.0 4.4.4.4 0300 0x80000004 0xab48 1
Network-LSA (Area 0.0.0.2)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum
0.0.0.4 4.4.4.4 0301 0x80000001 0xa258
Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.2)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum
0.0.0.1 3.3.3.3 0352 0x80000001 0xbdf5
0.0.0.2 3.3.3.3 0352 0x80000001 0xbee3
NSSA-external-LSA (Area 0.0.0.2)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Type
0.0.0.1 3.3.3.3 0352 0x80000001 0x36ec E2
0.0.0.1 4.4.4.4 0341 0x80000001 0x132e E2
Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA (Area 0.0.0.2)
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Prefix Reference
0.0.0.1 4.4.4.4 0300 0x80000001 0xc782 1 Network-LSA
AS-External-LSA
Link State ID Origin Router Age Seq# CkSum Type
0.0.0.1 3.3.3.3 0297 0x80000001 0x2b04 E2
0.0.0.1 4.4.4.4 0395 0x80000003 0x0920 E2
[AR3]
AI写代码
