Linux内核配置

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0 前言

核心构建过程具体说明可见《Linux内核编译》这篇文章中。本文着重阐述了其中的内核配置部分。

1 下载源码

获取linux-2.6.34.7.tar.bz2并进行后续解压步骤：

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    tar -axvf linux-2.6.34.7.tar.bz2

2 默认配置

进入内核源码顶级目录执行：

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    make defconfig

输出如下：

复制代码

   HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep

    
   HOSTCC  scripts/basic/docproc
    
   HOSTCC  scripts/basic/hash
    
   HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_sym’:
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c:159:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
    
   int type;
    
       ^
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_choice’:
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c:231:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
    
   int type;
    
       ^
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c:307:9: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
    
     fgets(line, 128, stdin);
    
      ^
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_askvalue’:
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c:105:8: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
    
    fgets(line, 128, stdin);
    
     ^
    
   HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.o
    
   SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
    
   SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/lex.zconf.c
    
   SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
    
   HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
    
   HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf
    
 *** Default configuration is based on 'i386_defconfig'
    
 #
    
 # configuration written to .config
    
 #

默认情况下内核配置针对x86架构运行，并按照 arch/x86/configs/i386_defconfig 标准生成相应的配置文件（注：通过 diff 命令对比发现两者并非完全一致！）

2.1 默认架构

此默认配置主要适用于 x86 架构。那么如何启动针对 **ARM 架构 ** 的默认配置呢？答案在于指定顶级 Makefile 中 ARCH 变量的值，并且指定了交叉编译工具链前缀的位置。

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    ARCH        ?= arm
    CROSS_COMPILE   ?= arm-linux-

这时候再执行make defconfig 时，针对的就是ARM架构 了：

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   HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep

    
   HOSTCC  scripts/basic/docproc
    
   HOSTCC  scripts/basic/hash
    
   HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_sym’:
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c:159:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
    
   int type;
    
       ^
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_choice’:
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c:231:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
    
   int type;
    
       ^
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c:307:9: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
    
     fgets(line, 128, stdin);
    
      ^
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_askvalue’:
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c:105:8: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
    
    fgets(line, 128, stdin);
    
     ^
    
   HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.o
    
   SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
    
   SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/lex.zconf.c
    
   SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
    
   HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
    
   HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf
    
 *** Default configuration is based on 'versatile_defconfig'
    
 #
    
 # configuration written to .config
    
 #

通过以上详细信息可以看出，在当前情况下按照'arch/arm/configs/versatile_defconfig'执行默认配置以生成.config文件（注：两者虽然有所关联但并非完全相同）。

2.2 .config

从上文可知, 配置信息主要存储在内核源码顶层目录下的 $\textbf{.config}$ 文件中, 并且 $\textbf{.config}$ 中的 $\textbf{ARM架构}$ 最开始部分的内容如下所示。

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    #
    # Automatically generated make config: don't edit
    # Linux kernel version: 2.6.34.7
    # Tue May 10 11:30:25 2016
    #
    CONFIG_ARM=y
    CONFIG_SYS_SUPPORTS_APM_EMULATION=y
    CONFIG_GENERIC_TIME=y
    CONFIG_GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS=y
    CONFIG_HAVE_PROC_CPU=y
    CONFIG_GENERIC_HARDIRQS=y
    CONFIG_STACKTRACE_SUPPORT=y
    CONFIG_HAVE_LATENCYTOP_SUPPORT=y
    CONFIG_LOCKDEP_SUPPORT=y
    CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS_SUPPORT=y
    CONFIG_HARDIRQS_SW_RESEND=y
    CONFIG_GENERIC_IRQ_PROBE=y
    CONFIG_RWSEM_GENERIC_SPINLOCK=y
    CONFIG_GENERIC_HWEIGHT=y
    CONFIG_GENERIC_CALIBRATE_DELAY=y
    CONFIG_NEED_DMA_MAP_STATE=y
    CONFIG_GENERIC_HARDIRQS_NO__DO_IRQ=y
    CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE=0xffff0000
    CONFIG_DEFCONFIG_LIST="/lib/modules/$UNAME_RELEASE/.config"
    CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS=y

从上述信息中可以看出第2行的描述表明*.config文件的内容是由make config自动生成（同样地,i386_defconfig也是一样）。因此，请避免手动修改

第6行指定了使用ARM架构 ，此外，其余所有的配置项都以CONFIG_ 为前缀。

2.3 其它配置

参考文献[1]提供了一些关于内核源码的关键提示，在其相关文档中提到了位于arch目录中的几个重要子目录

图2.1

其中 arm 目录包括 boot common configs 和 include 等等子目录并且还包括内核已支持的所有 ARM 芯片对应的子目录

图2.2

上图configs 目录包含了各个ARM芯片的默认配置文件 （包括3.1小节的versatile_defconfig ）：

图2.3

参考文献[1]中提到,如果需要将这些平台的配置文件复制到顶级目录,并且重命名为.config

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    cp arch/arm/configs/mini2440_defconfig .config

或者

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    make mini2440_defconfig

3 修改配置

3.1 交换式

进入内核源码顶级目录执行：

复制代码

    make config

输出如下：

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 liyihai@ubuntu:~/Mini2440/Kernels/linux-2.6.34.7$ make config

    
   HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep
    
   HOSTCC  scripts/basic/docproc
    
   HOSTCC  scripts/basic/hash
    
   HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_sym’:
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c:159:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
    
   int type;
    
       ^
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_choice’:
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c:231:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
    
   int type;
    
       ^
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c:307:9: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
    
     fgets(line, 128, stdin);
    
      ^
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_askvalue’:
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf.c:105:8: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
    
    fgets(line, 128, stdin);
    
     ^
    
   HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.o
    
   SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
    
   SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/lex.zconf.c
    
   SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
    
   HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
    
   HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf
    
 scripts/kconfig/conf arch/x86/Kconfig
    
 #
    
 # using defaults found in /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic
    
 #
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:1264:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NET_DSA
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:1680:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for MTD_CMDLINE_PARTS
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:2418:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NET_DSA_MV88E6XXX
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:2419:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NET_DSA_MV88E6060
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:2421:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NET_DSA_MV88E6131
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:2422:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NET_DSA_MV88E6123_61_65
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:2861:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for IWL4965
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:3783:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for GPIO_UCB1400
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:4259:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for REGULATOR_88PM8607
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:4318:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for REGULATOR_TWL4030
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5396:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_REALTEK
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5397:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_ANALOG
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5398:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_SIGMATEL
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5399:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_VIA
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5402:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_CIRRUS
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5403:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_CONEXANT
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5404:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_CA0110
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5407:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_CMEDIA
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5408:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_SI3054
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5409:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_GENERIC
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:7288:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NFS_V3
    
 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:7290:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NFS_V4
    
 * * Linux Kernel Configuration
    
 * * * General setup

 Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers (EXPERIMENTAL) [N/y/?] (NEW)

从上文的最后一行可以看出, 是否需要用户提供 Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers (EXPERIMENTAL)？由此可知这是一个 交互式的 配置方案, 并且对于内核的操作较为复杂.

3.2 菜单式

复制代码

    make menuconfig

图3.1

3.3 手动式（推荐）

在 arch/<platform_name>/configs 文件夹内获取一份与当前需求最为契合的配置文件，并随后手动进行调整。

4 清空配置

若要删除上述的配置值，执行：

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    make mrproper

图4.1

注：make distcean 不能替代上述命令！

5 帮助

可通过“make help”查看相关编译/配置命令和参数：

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 Cleaning targets:

    
   clean		  - Remove most generated files but keep the config and
    
                 enough build support to build external modules
    
   mrproper	  - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files
    
   distclean	  - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files
    
  
    
 Configuration targets:
    
   config	  - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program
    
   menuconfig	  - Update current config utilising a menu based program
    
   xconfig	  - Update current config utilising a QT based front-end
    
   gconfig	  - Update current config utilising a GTK based front-end
    
   oldconfig	  - Update current config utilising a provided .config as base
    
   localmodconfig  - Update current config disabling modules not loaded
    
   localyesconfig  - Update current config converting local mods to core
    
   silentoldconfig - Same as oldconfig, but quietly, additionally update deps
    
   randconfig	  - New config with random answer to all options
    
   defconfig	  - New config with default answer to all options
    
   allmodconfig	  - New config selecting modules when possible
    
   allyesconfig	  - New config where all options are accepted with yes
    
   allnoconfig	  - New config where all options are answered with no
    
  
    
 Other generic targets:
    
   all		  - Build all targets marked with [*]
    
 * vmlinux	  - Build the bare kernel
    
 * modules	  - Build all modules
    
   modules_install - Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)
    
   firmware_install- Install all firmware to INSTALL_FW_PATH
    
                 (default: $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware)
    
   dir/            - Build all files in dir and below
    
   dir/file.[ois]  - Build specified target only
    
   dir/file.ko     - Build module including final link
    
   modules_prepare - Set up for building external modules
    
   tags/TAGS	  - Generate tags file for editors
    
   cscope	  - Generate cscope index
    
   kernelrelease	  - Output the release version string
    
   kernelversion	  - Output the version stored in Makefile
    
   headers_install - Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH
    
                 (default: /home/liyihai/usb_disk9/Work/MyCodes/Kernels/linux-2.6.34.7/usr)
    
  
    
 Static analysers
    
   checkstack      - Generate a list of stack hogs
    
   namespacecheck  - Name space analysis on compiled kernel
    
   versioncheck    - Sanity check on version.h usage
    
   includecheck    - Check for duplicate included header files
    
   export_report   - List the usages of all exported symbols
    
   headers_check   - Sanity check on exported headers
    
   headerdep       - Detect inclusion cycles in headers
    
  
    
 Kernel packaging:
    
   rpm-pkg         - Build both source and binary RPM kernel packages
    
   binrpm-pkg      - Build only the binary kernel package
    
   deb-pkg         - Build the kernel as an deb package
    
   tar-pkg         - Build the kernel as an uncompressed tarball
    
   targz-pkg       - Build the kernel as a gzip compressed tarball
    
   tarbz2-pkg      - Build the kernel as a bzip2 compressed tarball
    
  
    
 Documentation targets:
    
  Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:
    
   htmldocs        - HTML
    
   pdfdocs         - PDF
    
   psdocs          - Postscript
    
   xmldocs         - XML DocBook
    
   mandocs         - man pages
    
   installmandocs  - install man pages generated by mandocs
    
   cleandocs       - clean all generated DocBook files
    
  
    
 Architecture specific targets (x86):
    
 * bzImage      - Compressed kernel image (arch/x86/boot/bzImage)
    
   install      - Install kernel using
    
               (your) ~/bin/installkernel or
    
               (distribution) /sbin/installkernel or
    
               install to $(INSTALL_PATH) and run lilo
    
   fdimage      - Create 1.4MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)
    
   fdimage144   - Create 1.4MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)
    
   fdimage288   - Create 2.8MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)
    
   isoimage     - Create a boot CD-ROM image (arch/x86/boot/image.iso)
    
               bzdisk/fdimage*/isoimage also accept:
    
               FDARGS="..."  arguments for the booted kernel
    
               FDINITRD=file initrd for the booted kernel
    
  
    
   i386_defconfig           - Build for i386
    
   x86_64_defconfig         - Build for x86_64
    
  
    
   make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build
    
   make V=2   [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target
    
   make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config
    
   make C=1   [targets] Check all c source with $CHECK (sparse by default)
    
   make C=2   [targets] Force check of all c source with $CHECK
    
  
    
 Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*] 
    
 For further info see the ./README file

参考资料

cross-compiling Linux kernel on ARM架构

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Linux内核配置

0 前言

1 下载源码

2 默认配置

2.1 默认架构

2.2 .config

2.3 其它配置

3 修改配置

3.1 交换式

3.2 菜单式

3.3 手动式（推荐）

4 清空配置

5 帮助

参考资料

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