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生物信息专有名词积累

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orthologue gene : 同源基因

原文:

1-to-1 orthologues Orthologues A type of orthologue assigned for a pair of species where only one copy is found in each species.
1-to-many orthologues Orthologues A type of orthologue assigned for a pair of species where one gene in one species is orthologous to multiple genes in the other species, due to (a) duplication event(s) in the second species.

同源基因主要分为两类:一类为一对一关系(n-to-m orthologues),另一类则是一对多关系(n-to-\geq m orthologues)。对于一对一关系(n-to-m orthologues),这类基因存在于同一物种或相关物种中仅有一个拷贝;而在一对多关系(n-to-\geq m orthologues)中,则是一个物种中的特定基因对应于另一个物种中的多个同源基因。这种现象通常是由于基因复制和染色体重组等因素导致的结果。

Linkage disequilibrium: 连锁不平衡

Haplotype (variation) Linkage disequilibrium A set of variant alleles in a contiguous genomic region. A haplotype block describes a set of alleles which tend to be inherited together.

连锁不平衡是指在基因组中某一特定连续区域内多个基因位置的表现特征,在这种区域内发生的突变通常会表现出高度的一致性

Primary assembly Genome assembly The underlying genome sequence, without alternative sequence included.

词汇参考来源:

Ensembl网站的词表查询地址:http://grch37.ensembl.org/info/website/glossary.html

metagenomics: 宏基因组学

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