翻译练习：人工智能

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines. In computer science, the field of AI research defines itself as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at some goal.

人工智能是机器展现的智能。在计算机科学里，将人工智能研究领域定义为研究“智能代理”：任何感知环境并采取行动以最大化目标成功机会的设备。

Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is applied when a machine mimics "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving" (known as Machine Learning).

当机器模拟人类与其它人类思维活动相关联的认知功能，例如“学习”和“问题解决”（被称为机器学习），通俗地，就应用术语“人工智能”。

As machines become increasingly capable, mental facilities once thought to require intelligence are removed from the definition. For instance, optical character recognition (光学字符识别) is no longer perceived as an exemplar of "artificial intelligence", having become a routine technology (常规技术).

Capabilities currently classified as AI include successfully understanding human speech ,competing at a high level in strategic game systems (such as Chess and Go), self-driving cars, intelligent routing in content delivery networks, and interpreting complex data.

当前分类到人工智能的能力包括成功理解人类言语、在策略博弈游戏系统中的高水平竞争（比如象棋和围棋）、自动驾驶汽车、在内容发布系统中的智能路径选择、解释复杂数据。

The central problems (or goals) of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing (communication), perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.

人工智能研究的中心问题（或目标）包括推理、知识、规划、学习、神经语言处理（通信）、感知、移动和操纵物体的能力。

General intelligence is among the field's long-term goals. Approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence, and traditional symbolic AI. Many tools are used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical optimization, logic, methods based on probability and economics. The AI field draws upon computer science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, neuroscience and artificial psychology.

通用智能是该领域的长期目标。方法包括统计方法、计算智能、传统符号型人工智能。人工智能使用了很多工具，包括不同版本的搜索与数学优化工具、逻辑、基于概率和经济学的方法。人工智能利用计算机科学、数学、心理学、语言学、哲学、神经科学和人工心理学。

The field was founded on the claim that human intelligence "can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it". This raises philosophical arguments about the nature of the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings endowed with human-like intelligence, issues which have been explored by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity. Some people also consider AI a danger to humanity if it progresses unabatedly.

这个领域是建立在这个声明上的：人类智能能够如此精确地描述，以至于可以制造一台机器来模拟它。这就引发了关于头脑的本质与创造具备人类智能的人造物的伦理的争论，这些从古到今被神话、小说和哲学所探索的问题。一些人也认为，如果人工智能经久不衰地发展下去，那么对于人类而言将是一个危险。

Attempts to create artificial intelligence have experienced many setbacks, including the ALPAC report of 1966, the abandonment of perceptrons in 1970, the Lighthill Report of 1973, the second AI winter 1987–1993 and the collapse of the Lisp machine market in 1987.

创建人工智能的努力经历了很多挫折，包括1966年的自动语言处理咨询委员会的报告、1970年感知机的弃用、1973年的Lighthill报告（人工智能：一个普遍的调查）、1987~1993年人工智能领域的第二次寒冬、1987年Lisp机器市场的崩溃。

In the twenty-first century, AI techniques, both "hard" and "soft" have experienced a resurgence following concurrent advances in computer power, sizes of training sets, and theoretical understanding, and AI techniques have become an essential part of the technology industry, helping to solve many challenging problems in computer science.

在二十一世纪，人工智能技术，包括硬和软两方面，伴随着计算机威力的进展、训练集的规模、理论理解力，经历了一个复活。人工智能技术已经成为技术产业重要的组成部分，帮助解决计算机科学里许多具有挑战性的问题。