汽车电子功能安全标准ISO26262解析（十一）——安全机制

ISO 26262-4： 6.4.7

The safety mechanisms must be defined in accordance with the technical safety requirements, which encompass:

安全机制通过分析技术安全需求来制定，包括：

the approaches involved in detecting, identifying, and managing faults within the system itself (self-monitoring of the system or its components);

系统和模块的自我管理：检测、指示、控制系统本身错误有关的方法。

NOTE 1 This comprises the self-assessment of the system or elements to identify unpredictable hardware faults and, when suitable, identifies structured failures.

自主管理涉及对系统或模块中偶然出现的硬件故障以及系统失效情况的识别、发现和处理

the actions involved in detecting, indicating, and controlling faults in external devices interacting with the system.

EXAMPLE External devices comprise a variety of electronic components and systems, including power supplies and communication interfaces.

外部器件的故障诊断、显示与控制策略,以及涵盖其他电子控制器、电源系统及通信设备

c) the measures that enable the system to achieve or maintain a safe state;

NOTE 2 Those include priority handling and dispute resolution mechanisms when dealing with conflicting safety mechanisms.

确保系统维持稳定状态的方法，涉及冲突发生时的优先级排序机制以及协调机制。

d) the steps to detail, implement, as well as advancing the warning theory;

细化并实施报警和降级概念。

e) the measures which prevent faults from being latent(6.4.10).

NOTE 3 Such measures are typically involved in tests conducted when the system is powered on (pre-start verification), during operation, when the system is shut down (post-operation verification), and as part of routine maintenance activities.

有效避免错误演变为潜在问题的方式

2. ISO 26262-4： 6.4.9

Each safety mechanism supporting an item in ensuring its safe operation, the following shall be specified as required.

对于每个安全机制，制定安全机制内容的同时，还应该包括如下几个方面：

the process of transitioning into a safe operational state, such as involving management of actuator operation requirements;

切换到安全状态的条件，包括控制执行器的需求；

b) the fault-tolerant time interval;

错误的容忍时间；

c) 紧急操作间隔在无法通过立即断开电源到达安全状态时被确定；

如果不能通过立刻断电来达到安全状态，需要指明紧急操作的时间。

d) the measures to maintain the safe state.

保持安全状态的措施。

如若感兴趣, 可以通过扫描下方二维码关注功能性安全公众号, 同时也可以直接加入相关的交流群组, 参与讨论与分享, 管理员会定期分享相关经验及对行业标准的理解等信息。