【人工智能 AI】什么是人工智能？ What is Artificial Intelligence

目录

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence人工智能概论

What is Artificial Intelligence? 什么是人工智能？

Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence人工智能哲学

Goals of Artificial Intelligence 人工智能的目标

What Contributes to Artificial Intelligence?对人工智能有什么贡献？

基于人工智慧的人工智能辅助程序设计实现了无需人工智能的传统程序设计与人工智能技术相结合的方法。

Challenges in Artificial Intelligence人工智能的挑战

What is Artificial Intelligence Technique?什么是人工智能技术？

Applications of Artificial Intelligence人工智能的应用

Some Examples of these Applications这些应用程序的一些示例

Advantages and Disadvantages of AI人工智能的优点和缺点

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Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

人工智能概论

与人类自然智力相当的机器智能被称为人工智能。计算机程序被设计为模仿人类的行为模式。因此可以说我们正在赋予机器以智能。最著名的实例包括语音识别和图像识别技术。不同种类的人工智能包括能够反应的人类机器、具有有限记忆的人工智能、具备理论思维的人工智能以及自我意识的人工智能。

John McCarthy was known as the father of AI because he was the one who coined the term. The system is capable of analyzing and interpreting data, learning from it, and drawing conclusions based on that information owing to advancements in AI.

机器所展现的与人类自然智能相当的智能被定义为人工智能。
这些程序模仿人类的学习、思考和行动模式。
这意味着我们正致力于使机器变得更加智能化。
最著名的案例包括语音识别和图像识别。
主要涉及反应式机器、有限记忆模型、心智理论以及自我意识系统。

约翰·麦卡锡 (John McCarthy) 被誉为人工智能之父的原因是他首次提出这一术语。借助于人工智能的帮助,系统能够分析数据并进行解释,从数据中获取知识,并据此作出推断。

What is Artificial Intelligence? 什么是人工智能？

According to the father of AI, John McCarthy, states that "the development of intelligent systems represents the core pursuit within the field of artificial intelligence." This definition emphasizes the creation of systems that can mimic human intelligence through reasoning and problem-solving capabilities.

Given its name, artificial intelligence equips machines with intelligence to mimic human behavior. This field within computer science focuses on creating intelligent machines capable of operating and responding appropriately like humans. Real-time scenario analysis is a key application of AI in machine decision-making processes. These artificially intelligent machines process current data to understand business contexts and respond effectively.

A range of activities that artificial intelligence machines are aimed at include:

• 语音识别技术 用于实现精确的音频分析
  • 学习机制 提供个性化的知识输入途径
  • 规划方案 支持系统的长期目标设定
  • 解决问题策略 确保高效的技术应用

AI 现在已经成为 信息技术领域中扮演着关键角色。
这一领域致力于开发出具备智能化能力的机器。
涉及高度复杂的专门研究。
人工智能如今已成为 信息技术领域的核心组成部分。
这一分支专注于制造能够执行复杂任务的智能设备。
其相关领域的研发活动涉及高度先进的技术和专业的创新成果。

The primary challenges associated with AI are the programming of computers to execute specific tasks such as mathematical computations, logical reasoning, and data analysis.

• 知识体系
  • 推理能力
  • 问题解决能力
  • 洞察能力
  • 学习能力
  • 规划策略
  • 操作能力

The method of converting a computer into a robot controlled by computers or designing software to think and react in ways similar to human cognition is central to the concept of AI.

To effectively employ AI in creating intelligent systems, one must comprehend how the human brain operates. The mechanisms by which the brain processes information—such as thinking, learning, decision-making, and operation—while solving problems require thorough investigation. After deriving these results through rigorous analysis and experimentation, they must be implemented into software platforms to create intelligent and adaptive systems.

The central concept in AI research revolves around Knowledge Engineering. For machines to emulate human behavior, they must have sufficient information about the business and the broader world. Therefore, it is crucial for AI systems to access comprehensive data on objects, categories, properties, and relational networks across all business scenarios to enable efficient Knowledge Engineering implementation. However, equipping machines with common sense, decision-making capabilities, reasoning abilities, and problem-solving skills presents a significant challenge that is both complex and time-consuming.

Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence

人工智能哲学

The individual has been utilizing computer systems for an extended period. Although machines have long provided assistance to human beings, individuals have increasingly sought to delve deeper into these tools. Such an inherent curiosity led them to ponder, “Could a machine be engineered to mirror human intelligence and functionality?”

为此，在使机器具备如人类般运作与反应的能力方面进行努力的过程中,AI得以发展

Goals of Artificial Intelligence 人工智能的目标

Given below are the goals mentioned:
以下是提到的目标：

Intelligent and expert systems were created through initiatives aimed at achieving their development. During this phase, significant progress was made in advancing system capabilities. These developments were driven by the goal of creating machines that could learn from experience (learning), demonstrate knowledge (demonstration), explain information (explanation), and provide advisory support (advisory functions) for users.

• Educating machines with human intelligence: Crafting systems that mimic human comprehension, analytical abilities, learning mechanisms, and behavioral patterns.
  The integration of human intelligence into machines: Constructing systems and software designed to emulate human understanding, reasoning capabilities, learning processes, and behavioral traits.

What Contributes to Artificial Intelligence?

对人工智能有什么贡献？

AI is essentially derived from science and technology—disciplines that are based on various fields. Fields of study include computer science、biology、psychology、linguistics、mathematics、and engineering.

The primary goal and a significant hurdle in AI are the development of computer-based functions tied to attributes like human-like intelligence. This encompasses reasoning capabilities, learning mechanisms, reactive behaviors, decision processes, and problem-solving capabilities.

Among the attributes referenced earlier, one or several may be employed to create an intelligent machine. From the aforementioned attributes, one or more will be utilized in constructing an intelligent machine.

机器学习是人工智能领域的一个核心组成部分，并且属于更广泛的机器学习体系。让机器在没有任何监督的情况下学习是一项极具挑战性的任务；为此，系统必须具备理解数据的能力——例如识别输入流中的模式。这一过程与监督学习存在显著差异。监督学习涉及一系列操作，如分类和数值回归。分类过程旨在确定物体所属的类别。回归分析则关注获取一组数值输入，并从中推导出能够生成相应输出的函数。

Computational Learning Theory is a well-defined branch of theoretical computer science that employs Mathematical Analysis to analyze Machine Learning Algorithms. The machine's perception mechanism, along with its reaction process and decision logic, is entirely dependent on its capability to process inputs from various sensors to deduce environmental aspects. For instance, Computer Vision involves analyzing visual inputs, while Facial Recognition, Object Recognition, and Gesture Recognition represent specialized components of this broader analysis. Robotics is another significant field related to AI; it primarily focuses on enabling robots to perform tasks such as navigation and object handling. The subtasks encompassed within robotics include positioning, mapping, and motion planning.

缺乏与人工智能驱动的编程体系

Below outlines the foundational programming of a system and the differences that emerge when it is developed using versus not using AI tools.

Without AI 没有人工智能	With AI 与人工智能

| The system can only solve specific problems and answer specific questions that are already fed in the system.
该系统只能解决特定问题并回答系统中已经输入的特定问题。| The system that is built using AI can be active in generic situations and uses the information, weighs options, and then make decisions.
使用 AI 构建的系统可以在一般情况下活跃并使用信息、权衡选项，然后做出决策。 |
| Any modification or change in the program written or information can significantly change the structure of the application.
编写的程序或信息的任何修改或更改都会显着改变应用程序的结构。| Whereas programs with AI can easily adapt to new changes and modifications by integrating highly independent pieces of information to access various data to make informed decisions. Hence modifying even a minute piece of information of the program would not affect its structure.
而具有 AI 的程序可以通过集成高度独立的信息片段来访问各种数据以做出明智的决策，从而轻松适应新的变化和修改。因此，即使修改程序的一小部分信息也不会影响其结构。 |
| Opposing to what is expected, modifications are not as easy and quick. A minute change may affect the program adversely, thus, leading to malfunction.
与预期相反，修改并不那么容易和快速。微小的变化可能会对程序产生不利影响，从而导致故障。| On the contrary, making modifications in AI programs is very easy and quick. These programs are very adaptive and making changes do not affect the functioning of the program.
相反，对 AI 程序进行修改非常简单快捷。这些程序具有很强的适应性，进行更改不会影响程序的运行。 |

Challenges in Artificial Intelligence

人工智能的挑战

There is no universally positive or negative attribute without context. While artificial intelligence (AI) offers significant benefits, it also presents a range of challenges that must be carefully considered during its implementation and operation. From a theoretical perspective, the concept of seamless integration might appear straightforward; however, real-time interaction introduces complexities that require meticulous planning and execution to ensure optimal performance across diverse applications. Artificial intelligence faces a host of challenges and possesses specific knowledge; while software systems may impose certain limitations or unexpected behaviors that necessitate ongoing monitoring and adjustment to maintain efficiency and reliability in dynamic environments.

These includes: 这些包括：

• Its volume is huge, more than what can be imagined.
  它的体积之大，超乎想象。

The program and the guidelines lack a well-organized structure and proper formatting, rendering its efficient usage challenging.

It changes continually. Therefore, one must keep up with the changes.

What is Artificial Intelligence Technique?

什么是人工智能技术？

To address these challenges effectively, AI techniques are employed.

该过程涉及有组织地利用知识以确保：

Those who provide the information are capable of perceiving it.

Modifying data and programs should be straightforward, and they can easily be adjusted to fix errors effectively.

Although the program has inaccuracies or incompleteness, it is expected to be useful in various scenarios.

Considering that programs incorporating AI are highly intricate, these AI techniques are designed to enhance the processing speed of such systems, thereby improving operational efficiency.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence

人工智能的应用

We have observed that employing artificial intelligence offers numerous benefits in applications involving real-time data processing. The application of AI through the processing of real-time data has become prevalent across diverse sectors, demonstrating its effectiveness in this domain.
我们已经观察到，在涉及实时数据处理的应用中，采用人工智能具有显著的优势。人工智能通过处理实时数据已在多个领域得到了广泛应用并显示出其效率，

Such as: 例如：

1. Gaming 1.游戏

这些战略游戏必须评估实时数据。这些游戏包括国际象棋、扑克和井字棋等。机器应具备考虑多种可能行动的能力，并具备权衡选项并依据启发式知识做出决定的能力。人工智能在这些战略游戏中扮演着至关重要的角色。

2. Natural Language Processing 2. 自然语言处理

In order for the program to operate efficiently, it is imperative that machines are equipped with the language of diverse users. The machine must not only be adaptable to multiple languages but also must accommodate various dialects and accents. AI has demonstrated significant effectiveness in such scenarios.

3. Expert Systems 3. 专家系统

The primary purpose of an intelligent system is decision-making. The software within these systems requires receiving information as input, comprehending it, evaluating different options, and arriving at a conclusion. These systems are employed for drawing logical conclusions in specific scenarios. Such software offers explanations and guidance to users enabling them to make well-informed decisions.

4. Vision Systems 4.视觉系统

Visual input represents a specific form of data of prime importance that is challenging for humans to decipher. Consequently, an intelligent system must process the visual input through reading it accurately while analyzing its content for meaningful insights. It should then decode the data through interpretation before comprehensively understanding the broader context. Finally, such an intelligent system should utilize this processed information to make well-informed decisions.

Some Examples of these Applications

这些应用程序的一些示例

A surveillance device such as a drone, spying camera, or a spying airplane captures images and videos. These collected images and video data are then used to analyze maps of an area or determine spatial information.

Clinical expert systems operate imaging devices within the body, which are typically employed by medical professionals for patient diagnosis.

The application of computer software in police investigations is facilitated through facial recognition technology. This program utilizes records accessed from within the police system, referred to as portrait mode, to identify suspects based on descriptions provided by witnesses during their identification process. This process involves accessing records from the police system, which are then analyzed using facial recognition technology to match with a description provided by witnesses during their identification process.

1. Speech Recognition 1.语音识别

Some systems equipped with AI are designed to enable them to hear voices and comprehend language so as to understand word meanings. This understanding extends beyond individual words; it encompasses sentences' meanings and tones as well as human speech across various languages. The software is engineered not only to identify diverse accents and dialects but also slang terms and sounds. It can detect background noises interference and variations in pitch intonation. Furthermore, it accounts for alterations due to pain or illness. Furthermore, this system can adjust for environmental factors such as temperature or discomfort by modifying its sensitivity or operational parameters accordingly.

2. Handwriting Recognition 2. 手写识别

The software is designed to read texts. Written with either a pen or pencil on paper. Can also be written on screens via mouse or stylus. It reads texts and recognizes letter and number shapes, converting them into editable formats for manipulation, alteration, storage, thereby enhancing processing efficiency.

3. Intelligent Robots 3. 智能机器人

机器人被编程为服从的机器，旨在执行主人所指示的任务。这些传感器安装在机器人身上。这些传感器从现实世界读取物理数据作为输入。光、热和温度、运动和压力、声音、障碍物、空间坐标和颠簸的形式都是这些物理数据的表现形式之一。它们安装了高效处理器以及多种传感器与大容量存储内存组合在一起以展现智能能力。此外所有这些设备集成在一起以展现智能能力。此外它们能够适应环境变化并从中吸取教训

Advantages and Disadvantages of AI

人工智能的优点和缺点

以下是人工智能的优势和缺点：

Advantages: 优点：

The error ratio, when compared to the human counterpart, is significantly lower.

The AI system demonstrated exceptional performance in terms of precision, accuracy, and speed.

可以在恶劣的环境中以同样的效率工作

Achieving dangerous tasks that present significant risks to humanity enables us to undertake such tasks as exploring space without suffering any physical harm from humans.

通过采用这种机器后,采矿和挖掘燃料变得更加容易

• 重复、单调且乏味的任务可以被处理，而不会影响其效率。

• Prediction and Decision Making Activities. 预测与决策活动。

• Detecting fraud has become more convenient, especially in card-based systems.

• 整理和维护文件记录。

• 能够制造能够与人类交流的机器人宠物，并有助于缓解抑郁情绪和促进身体活动。

• Thinking rationally, humans mirror machines' logical thought processes free from emotions.

• Efficient analysis and processing of vast quantities of data is essential for solving this problem.

Disadvantages: 缺点：

Building, reconstructing, and maintenance require highly skilled professionals and incur significant financial and temporal expenses.

• Memory costs are high. 记忆成本高昂。
• The efficiency of accessing and retrieving data from memory may fall short compared to the human system. 访问和检索内存中的数据效率可能不及人类系统。

Machines are programmed to learn and improve but are not as advanced as humans.

Their operations, which are confined, are limited to the program written.

The creativity inherent to humans is beyond what they can ever attain.

Joblessness stands out as the most significant concern, driven by advancements in intelligent machinery technology.

Just like humans are, individuals may fail to utilize their cognitive potentials if they become too dependent on machines.

Machines, when placed into the hands of bad people, can easily cause destruction.