Python为开发GUI(图形用户界面)提供了多种选项。在所有的GUI方法中，tkinter是最常用的方法。它是Python附带的Tk GUI工具包的标准Python接口。Python with tkinter是创建GUI应用程序的最快和最简单的方法。

创建一个tkinter：

1)导入模块tkinter

2)创建主窗口(容器)

3)将任意数量的小部件添加到主窗口。

4)将事件触发器应用于小部件。

让我们创建一个基于GUI的简单实时货币转换器，该转换器可以将金额从一种货币转换为另一种货币。

所需模块：

tkinter

requests

json

下面是实现：

import all functions from the tkinter

from tkinter import *

Create a GUI window

root = Tk()

create a global variables

variable1 = StringVar(root)

variable2 = StringVar(root)

initialise the variables

variable1.set("currency")

variable2.set("currency")

Function to perform real time conversion

from one currency to another currency

def RealTimeCurrencyConversion():

importing required libraries

import requests, json

currency code

from_currency = variable1.get()

to_currency = variable2.get()

enter your api key here

api_key = "Your_Api_Key"

base_url variable store base url

base_url = r"https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function = CURRENCY_EXCHANGE_RATE"

main_url variable store complete url

main_url = base_url + "&from_currency =" + from_currency +

"&to_currency =" + to_currency + "&apikey =" + api_key

get method of requests module

return response object

req_ob = requests.get(main_url)

json method return json format

data into python dictionary data type.

result contains list of nested dictionaries

result = req_ob.json()

parsing the required information

Exchange_Rate = float(result["Realtime Currency Exchange Rate"]

['5. Exchange Rate'])

get method of Entry widget

returns current text as a

string from text entry box.

amount = float(Amount1_field.get())

calculation for the conversion

new_amount = round(amount * Exchange_Rate, 3)

insert method inserting the

value in the text entry box.

Amount2_field.insert(0, str(new_amount))

Function for clearing the Entry field

def clear_all() :

Amount1_field.delete(0, END)

Amount2_field.delete(0, END)

Driver code

if name == "main" :

Set the background colour of GUI window

root.configure(background = 'light green')

Set the configuration of GUI window (WidthxHeight)

root.geometry("400x175")

Create welcome to Real Time Currency Convertor label

headlabel = Label(root, text = 'welcome to Real Time Currency Convertor',

fg = 'black', bg = "red")

Create a "Amount :" label

label1 = Label(root, text = "Amount :",

fg = 'black', bg = 'dark green')

Create a "From Currency :" label

label2 = Label(root, text = "From Currency",

fg = 'black', bg = 'dark green')

Create a "To Currency: " label

label3 = Label(root, text = "To Currency :",

fg = 'black', bg = 'dark green')

Create a "Converted Amount :" label

label4 = Label(root, text = "Converted Amount :",

fg = 'black', bg = 'dark green')

grid method is used for placing

the widgets at respective positions

in table like structure .

headlabel.grid(row = 0, column = 1)

label1.grid(row = 1, column = 0)

label2.grid(row = 2, column = 0)

label3.grid(row = 3, column = 0)

label4.grid(row = 5, column = 0)

Create a text entry box

for filling or typing the information.

Amount1_field = Entry(root)

Amount2_field = Entry(root)

ipadx keyword argument set width of entry space.

Amount1_field.grid(row = 1, column = 1, ipadx ="25")

Amount2_field.grid(row = 5, column = 1, ipadx ="25")

list of currency codes

CurrenyCode_list = ["INR", "USD", "CAD", "CNY", "DKK", "EUR"]

create a drop down menu using OptionMenu function

which takes window name, variable and choices as

an argument. use * befor the name of the list,

to unpack the values

FromCurrency_option = OptionMenu(root, variable1, *CurrenyCode_list)

ToCurrency_option = OptionMenu(root, variable2, *CurrenyCode_list)

FromCurrency_option.grid(row = 2, column = 1, ipadx = 10)

ToCurrency_option.grid(row = 3, column = 1, ipadx = 10)

Create a Convert Button and attached

with RealTimeCurrencyExchangeRate function

button1 = Button(root, text = "Convert", bg = "red", fg = "black",

command = RealTimeCurrencyConversion)

button1.grid(row = 4, column = 1)

Create a Clear Button and attached

with delete function

button2 = Button(root, text = "Clear", bg = "red",

fg = "black", command = clear_all)

button2.grid(row = 6, column = 1)

Start the GUI

root.mainloop()

输出：