什么是数据探针_什么是数据？
什么是数据探针
Data represents facts and statistics composed of information stored or transmitted over a network; typically uncleaned raw data. For instance, when visiting any website, the site may record your IP address as part of its basic functionality. In return, they might install a browser-based cookie to track your visits. Additionally, metadata like your name and age is also collected.
数据 实质上只是基于事实和统计数据的原始信息集合。这些数据可能是以网络存储的形式存在的原始数据，或是以未经过处理的方式在互联网上传输的原始数据。举例来说，当你访问任意一个网站时，他们可能会将你的IP地址记录下来作为访问记录（即原始数据），同时在浏览器中放置一个名为“cookie”的小文件（即标记信息），以便后续识别你的身份或行为模式（即原始数据）。
When data undergoes processing and transformation, it becomes information, which carries significant meaning. For instance, by analyzing the cookie data stored on users' browsers, a website can identify that individuals aged 20-25 typically visit our platform more frequently. This analysis results in the generation of information about user behavior patterns.
经过处理后的数据转化为信息 ，进而转化为具有意义的内容。 举个例子来说，在用户的浏览器中保存着Cookie数据的情况下，如果网站能够通过分析发现一般20-25岁的男性会是主要的访问者——即通过数据分析获得的信息。
A database is a collection of related information organized in a way that enables users to access, manage, and update the data efficiently. A database can be software-based or hardware-based, with the primary objective of storing information.
数据库 是相关数据的集合, 其组织方式使得信息资源能够方便地访问、有效地维护和灵活地更新以适应需求. 数据库既可以作为软件系统中的单一目标存在, 也可以作为硬件架构的一部分来存储数据.
In the early days of computing, data was gathered and stored on magnetic tapes, which were typically designed for writing only. These storage solutions proved to be inefficient and cumbersome. Over time, computer scientists recognized the need for more efficient storage methods.
在早期的计算机时代里，在被广泛使用的存储介质——磁带上存放的数据只能被单向记录——也就是说一旦将数据存放在磁带上就无法再读取它。而由于这些设备运行缓慢而且笨重不便于使用很快计算机科学家们就开始认识到必须寻求一种更为高效的数据存储解决方案
Larry Ellison, the founder of Oracle, could have been aware of a need for a software-based Database Management System.
拉里·埃里森是 Oracle 的联合创始人之一，并且他是几位早期的关键人物。他们认识到建立基于软件的应用程序来管理数据存储的需求。
什么是DBMS？ (What is DBMS?)
A DBMS is a software tool enabling creation, structuring, and modification of databases. It facilitates the storage, processing, and analysis of data with ease. DBMS offers users an interface or a toolkit for executing diverse operations such as establishing databases, storing information within them, updating data efficiently, creating tables within the database system and handling numerous other tasks.
Database Management System (DBMS） 是一种支持建立、描述和管理数据库的应用程序。它为用户提供便利来存储、管理和分析数据。DBMS为我们提供了功能界面或操作工具来执行多种操作：包括但不限于创建数据库，在其中存储数据、更新现有记录以及在数据库中建立若干表等。
DBMS offers both protective measures and security features to safeguard the databases. It ensures data consistency when several users access them simultaneously.
DBMS还保障数据库的防护与安全机制。 当存在多个用户时，则可确保所有操作的一致性和完整性。
Here are some examples of popular DBMS used these days:
以下是最近使用的一些流行的DBMS的示例：
- MySql
MySQL
- Oracle
Oracle
- SQL Server
SQL服务器
- IBM DB2
IBM DB2
- PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL
- Amazon SimpleDB (cloud based) etc.
Amazon SimpleDB(基于云)等
数据库管理系统的主要特性是什么？
A database management system has following characteristics:
数据库管理系统具有以下特点：
Information within Tables: Information is never directly stored within the database. Instead, information is stored within tables that are created inside the database. The Database Management System (DBMS) also allows for establishing relationships between these tables, making the data more meaningful and interconnected. By examining all the tables created within a database, you can easily understand what types of information are stored where.
数据存储到表中： 数据不会直接存放在数据库中。 数据被存放在由数据库系统预先定义好的表格里。 数据库管理系统（DBMS）不仅支持在各表格间建立起关联关系，并且确保这些关联有助于提升数据的整体有意义性和相互联系性。 为了全面了解您的数据分布情况，在您需要时只需浏览所有已建立的表格列表，在这里您能够清楚地知道每种类型的数据被存放的位置。
- Reduced Redundancy: Modern world's storage solutions have become highly affordable; however, in the past when hard drives were costly, excessive duplication of data within databases posed significant challenges. Nevertheless, database management systems (DBMS) adhere to the principle of normalization, organizing data to minimize redundancy.
减少冗余： 在当今社会中，硬盘设备的成本相对较低，在这种情况下并不会产生明显的问题。然而当硬盘设备变得过于昂贵时，则会导致大量冗余数据的问题。但根据数据库管理系统的（DBMS）遵循这一原则——即Normalization(标准化)——通过将数据以最少重复的形式组织起来以减少这种现象的发生。
- Data Consistency: The real-time dataset, which is continuously being updated and expanded, presents a significant challenge in maintaining data consistency. However, database management systems (DBMS) are designed to manage such challenges seamlessly.
数据一致性问题： 对于实时数据（即不断更新和补充的数据），维护数据一致性可能成为一个难题。 然而数据库管理系统(DBMS)能够有效地解决这些问题。
- Support multiple users and concurrent access: A database management system supports a variety of operations such as updates, inserts, and deletions simultaneously while ensuring data consistency.
支持多用户并发访问： DBMS支持多个用户进行同步操作（增删改），同时保证数据的一致性。
DBMS offers users access to a straightforward Query language through which data can be conveniently retrieved, inserted, deleted, and updated within a database.
DBMS为用户提供了一种支持用户拥有 suite of convenient query tools, these tools enable users to perform operations such as insertion, deletion, and updates within a database efficiently.
Security: It ensures that data security is maintained by safeguarding it from unauthorized access. Typically, users create accounts with varying levels of access rights to securely manage their information.
安全性和完整性： 数据库管理系统（DBMS）负责确保数据的安全性和完整性，在传统的DBMS环境中，默认情况下会提供基本的安全措施。为了进一步加强数据保护，在系统设计阶段就需要合理配置用户的权限设置和隔离策略等措施以防止未经授权的操作行为发生
DBMS manages transactions, enabling effective management of data integrity in environments where multi-threading is prevalent.
DBMS遵循事务特性，在大规模多线程应用中能够有效维护数据完整性
DBMS的优势 (Advantages of DBMS)
- Segregation of applicaion program.
隔离应用程序。
- Minimal data duplicacy or data redundancy.
最小的数据重复性或数据冗余。
- Easy retrieval of data using the Query Language.
使用查询语言轻松检索数据。
- Reduced development time and maintainance need.
减少了开发时间和维护需求。
Thanks to the advent of Cloud Datacenters, we now possess Database Management Systems that can store vast amounts of information.
依托Cloud Datacenter这一平台，我们现在拥有的数据库管理系统能够存储数量庞大的数据。
Elegant seamless integration into commonly used programming languages enables significant ease in adding databases to most applications and websites.
无阻碍地集成到程序性编程语言框架中使用，则将数据库加入几乎所有的程序或网站变得极为简便。
DBMS的缺点 (Disadvantages of DBMS)
- It's Complexity
这很复杂
- Except MySQL, which is open source, licensed DBMSs are generally costly.
除了开源MySQL外，许可的DBMS通常很昂贵。
- They are large in size.
它们很大。
什么是数据探针