【期刊】【ISA Transactions】

该杂志致力于推动工业自动化与智能系统的研究与应用。
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/isa-transactions
链接
https://www.letpub.com.cn/index.php?journalid=3991&page=journalapp&view=detail
提供详细信息页面内容。

Aims and scope 目标和范围

Published by the ISA 由ISA出版

ISA Transactions 是一本致力于科学与工程领域测量与自动化的前沿进展出版物，在该领域处于领先地位的工业从业者以及应用研究人员均可从中获益。

The measurement domain encompasses a variety of components: sensors, perception systems, analyzers, signal processing units, filters, data compressors, rectifiers, fault detection mechanisms, inferential measurement tools, soft sensors, interfaces for hardware interaction, and so on; along with the supporting techniques such as artificial intelligence algorithms, fuzzy logic methodologies, communication networks, and process analysis methods. The automation domain includes discrete event and continuous process control strategies based on statistical and deterministic approaches, modeling and simulation frameworks, event triggers and condition monitoring systems, scheduling and sequencing protocols for system operations, reliability assessment methodologies for system performance evaluation, quality assurance practices for product delivery standards, maintenance procedures for operational efficiency optimization; as well as best practices such as optimization algorithms for process improvement strategies development. Additionally encompassed are security measures to ensure system integrity and operational safety.

The target audience comprises R&D personnel from universities/academic institutions and industries engaged in the domains of control systems, process measurement instruments, comprehensive system integration, and automation technologies.

The journal is dedicated to bridging the gap between theoretical and practical aspects. Such a balance in interests necessitates reliance upon simple techniques, a valid demonstration, a solid foundation, as well as integration with cutting-edge advancements in both theory and practice.

如需了解更多信息，请访问ISA交易协会的主页

Benefits to authors 对作者的好处
We also provide many author benefits, such as free PDFs, a liberal copyright policy, special discounts on Elsevier publications and much more. Please click here for more information on our author services.
我们还提供许多作者福利，例如免费 PDF、自由版权政策、爱思唯尔出版物的特别折扣等等。请点击此处了解有关我们作者服务的更多信息。

请查阅我们的作者指南以了解文章提交信息。
如需进一步的信息或帮助，请访问我们的支持中心。

Guide for authors 作者指南

Introduction 介绍

ISA Transactions是一份专注于测量与自动化科学前沿进展的学术期刊，在工业界领先的研究者和应用科学家中具有重要价值

The target audience for this work includes researchers and professionals engaged in the fields of process instrumentation, systems integration, and automation across both academic institutions and industrial organizations.

The journal aims to narrow the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical implementations. Achieving this balance demands a minimalist approach, accompanied by credible evidence, a solid foundation, and integration with contemporary advancements in both fields.

Manuscript Types and Categories
稿件类型和类别

We release substantive content (focusing primarily on research or practical matters), correspondence, and errata. 我们发布高质量内容（主要集中在研究性或实用性的领域），信函及勘误。 Errata: These publications represent an authors’ or editor’s correction to an article. 勘误表：这些出版物代表作者或编辑对文章的修正。

Letters for editors would typically be brief and concise. They are usually a single paragraph or so and include affirmations, questions, challenges, or answers in response to articles or letters.

此类文章可自以下任一类别中产生，并主要涉及研究、调查以及可能性。此类文章则集中探讨技术的基础分析或数学原理，并借助模拟展示。并由及研究者的学者撰写。

Practice Articles: These belong to either category listed below, primarily focusing on practical aspects or applications. The articles emphasize both pilot-scale operations in industry as well as heuristic approaches (heuristics) combined with post-implementation audits (post audits) related to these applications. They concentrate on application outcomes (results) along with their interpretation (analysis), authored by individuals implementing measurement (measurement) systems in process control efforts.

Articles may belong to one of the following categories.

Analyze: Conduct a rigorous, mathematical analysis of a practical application or method. Clearly outline the implications and recommendations for its implementation. In doing so, credible examples should be provided.

详细阐述设计：提供一个完整的'操作指南'。将设计程序与基础原理紧密联系起来。明确说明启发式法则及其适用范围限制。提供证据表明这些程序是可操作性的。

Application: Applications encompass the presentation of outcomes derived from new (or underutilized) techniques or innovative implementations. A comprehensive overview is provided, incorporating experimental results from scale experiments conducted at both pilot and industrial scales, alongside insights into heuristic approaches and areas where limitations were encountered.

Tutorial/Review: Present what could be considered a chapter in a text—a systematic examination, methodological approaches, and practical implementations of a technique that is practice-important but not yet common textbook content. Include a critical review of The Current State of Affairs to guide practitioner choices.

Editorial: Offer a comprehensive and scholarly perspective on the potential impacts of historical trends or evolving challenges that underscore requirements and pathways for implementation or transformation. These concepts may pertain to research, standards, products, evaluation criteria, or organizations.
社论：提供一个全面且博学的观点来探讨历史趋势或发展中面临的挑战所揭示的需求与实施路径或转变方向。这些概念可能涉及研究、标准、产品、评估标准或组织。

Technical Notes: Introduce new concepts or report initial proof-of-concept outcomes related to innovative approaches. These papers may range from a single page to two journal pages and will not demand extensive comprehensive defense typically required by standard papers. They will instead undergo rigorous review for adherence to the objectives and scope set by ISA T guidelines. Technical notes are designed to expedite the dissemination of ideas and will receive top priority in the publication queue. The titles should begin with the designation "Technical Note:"

Page charges 页面费用
该期刊没有任何页面费用。
这本期刊没有任何页费。

You can rely on this list to conduct a thorough examination of your submission prior to submitting it to the journal. This approach allows you to ensure its quality before publication.

One author has been designated as the contact person along with contact information: 一位作者已被指定为联系人，并附有联系方式： • email address • 电子邮件地址 • full mailing address • 完整的邮寄地址

所有必要的文件已成功上传：
手稿：
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For further information, please refer to our detailed information page.

For further information, please refer to our detailed information page.

Before you begin 准备工作
Ethics in publishing 出版伦理

Refer to our information on Ethics in publishing.

每位作者都应披露与其其他人或组织之间存在的任何财务和个人关系（这些关系可能会不适当影响其工作）。潜在利益冲突的例子包括但不限于：就业、咨询业务、股票投资、酬金收入（如演讲费）、有偿专家证词（如法律意见）、专利申请/注册以及赠款或其它资助等。为了确保透明度，请您按照以下模板填写并提交“利益冲突声明”表格，并将其 uploads至“附加/上传文件”步骤中的提交系统中。请注意：请勿将.docx模板转换为其他文件格式。无需签名确认即可完成此流程；如果未申报任何利益，请选择模板中的第一项选项；更多信息请参阅本指南末尾部分的相关说明

The below guidance exclusively pertains to the writing process, excluding any use of AI tools for data analysis during the research phase.

Authors are required to utilize AI and AI-assisted technologies in their writing process as outlined below. A statement will be included in the published work. This serves as an important reminder that authors are ultimately responsible for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the work.

Disclosure instructions 披露指南
要求作者在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能及AI辅助技术时必须进行披露。为此，在核心稿件文件的末尾部分，在参考文献列表之前需添加一份声明性说明，并将其放置于题为《写作过程中的生成式人工智能及AI辅助技术的声明》的新章节中。

During the preparation of this work, the author(s) utilized [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] to achieve [REASON]. After employing this tool or service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as necessary and are fully responsible for the content of the publication.

This declaration excludes the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, and references. A statement is unnecessary if nothing needs to be disclosed.

如果引用了其他受版权保护的作品摘录，则作者必须获得版权所有者的书面许可，并在文章中注明来源。
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The submission of an article requires that the work described have not been previously published (excluding abstracts, published lectures or academic theses; see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more details), are not under consideration for publication elsewhere, have approval from all authors and implicitly or explicitly from the responsible authorities where the work was conducted, and if accepted, will not be published in the same form either in English or other languages (including electronic versions) without written consent from the copyright holder. To ensure compliance verification, your article may be checked by Crossref Similarity Check and other originality or duplication checking software.

Inclusive language is designed to acknowledge diversity, express respect for every individual, and be sensitive to differences. It aims to provide equal opportunities without making assumptions about readers' beliefs or commitments. The language should avoid implying superiority based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability, or health condition. Authors are encouraged to use inclusive terms throughout their work. To achieve gender neutrality, default noun phrases such as "clinicians and patients/clients" should be used wherever possible instead of "he or she." Personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability, or health conditions should only be mentioned if directly relevant and appropriate. When using technical terms in coding terminology, offensive or exclusionary language like "master," "slave," "blacklist," and "whitelist" should be avoided. Instead, more suitable alternatives such as "primary," "secondary," "blocklist," and "allowlist" should be employed. These guidelines serve as a reference point but are not exhaustive. Additionally, this document addresses the reporting of sex- and gender-based analyses

Reporting guidance 报告指南
针对涉及人类、动物或真核细胞的研究 investigators 应根据资助者/申办者的要求及领域内的最佳实践 将基于性别的分析整合到研究设计中 authors 应在文章中探讨其研究的性别维度 若无法完成可将其作为研究适用范围限制的问题 authors 必须明确说明其使用的性别定义 以提高研究的精确性 严谨性和可重复性 并避免术语间的歧义或混淆 见下文 定义部分 authors 可参考 SAGER 指南及其清单 这些指南提供了系统的方法用于研究设计 数据分析 结果报告及解释中的性别与性别信息 使用与编辑审查 但没有一套单一普遍认可的指导原则来定义性别与性别
Definitions 定义
性别通常指与身体和生理特征相关的生物学属性 包括染色体基因型 荷尔蒙水平 内部与外部解剖结构等属性 性别二元分类（男性/女性）通常在出生时指定 即"出生时分配的性别" 基本上仅根据新生儿可见的外在解剖结构来确定 性别通常指社会建构的角色 行为和社会身份 这些身份发生在历史文化背景下 可能因社会时间和文化而异 性别影响人们对自身和其他人的看法 行为方式以及权力在社会中的分配方式 性别与性别常被错误地描绘为二元 即女性/男性或女性/男性 并且保持不变 实际上这些概念存在于光谱中 包括额外的性别分类以及多样化的性别认同 例如双性人或有性发育差异（DSD） 或认定为非二元者 此外术语"性别"和"性别"可能模棱两可 因此作者必须明确其使用的定义 同时参考 SAGER 指南及其清单 这些指南提供了关于研究中如何使用并审查性与性信息系统的系统方法 但在任何情况下 都没有一套单一普遍认可的方式来定义性和性别

Changes to authorship 对作者身份的更改

Only in exceptional cases will editors allow changes to an accepted manuscript. During consideration of such requests, publication will be temporarily halted. If an article has already been published online, any approved corrections will appear as a corrigendum. Editors must ensure that all modifications are thoroughly vetted before proceeding. The final version must strictly adhere to the original submission's details, including author lists. Any alterations to names or order require explicit approval from all affected parties. Changes can only be implemented after written consent from both adding and removing authors has been obtained.

Once an article is accepted for publication, authors will be instructed to sign a Journal Publishing Agreement form. An electronic confirmation will be provided to the corresponding author upon receipt of the manuscript along with the agreement form or a direct link to its online version.

For articles designated as gold open access: Upon acceptance, authors are required to sign a 'License Agreement' (additional details). The extent to which third parties may reuse these articles depends on the author's selected user license.

Author rights 作者权利
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information.
作为作者，您（或您的雇主或机构）拥有重复使用您的作品的某些权利。更多信息。

Elsevier provides duty-based sharing of research materials, aligning with institutional responsibilities and fostering open scientific discourse.

Please identify who provided financial support for your research and/or article preparation, along with a brief description of their role in study design; data collection, analysis, and interpretation; report writing; and decision-making processes regarding article submission. If no funding sources were involved in these aspects, it is advisable to disclose this fact.

建议您访问我们的开放获取页面，请进一步了解有关本期刊开放获取发表的相关信息。Author’s Guidelines 作者指南

Review 回顾
Quality is important. We aim to provide useful material to the ISA T readers. Accordingly, about 3 or 4 experts (at least one from academe and one from industry) review each submission to feedback balanced and comprehensive direction for manuscript improvement. The review process normally takes 2 to 4 months. To minimize bias, to achieve a double-blind review process, authors are asked to submit their names and affiliation on the separate cover letter.
质量很重要。我们的目标是为ISA T读者提供有用的材料。因此，大约有 3 或 4 名专家（至少一名来自学术界，一名来自工业界）审查每份提交的内容，以提供平衡和全面的反馈，为稿件改进提供平衡和全面的指导。审核过程通常需要 2 到 4 个月。为了尽量减少偏见，为了实现双盲评审过程，作者被要求在单独的求职信上提交他们的姓名和单位。

Length 长度

Include all necessary materials; however, only what is essential for defining needs, developing contributions, and defending conclusions should be included. Additionally, including figures and tables, manuscripts must consist of between 10 to 20 double-spaced sheets of standard letter paper.

Format 格式

Worksheets must be typed with double spacing, single-column format using a 12-point conventional font. Each page must be consecutively numbered. All tables and figures should be submitted to the end of the document. Upon acceptance by the publisher, formatting of the final document layout will commence.

Language 语言

The journal's publication language is English. The manuscripts submitted will be written in a reader-friendly style. Fluency in English is crucial for authors.

Style 风格

在审稿时，稿件应按以下顺序排列：标题；摘要（长度少于125字）；关键字（3至5）；论文正文（分为编号部分和小节）；确认（如适用）；引用；表；数字；附录（如适用）。还应建议使用少于40个字符的缩写标题。（稿件被接受后将包含作者姓名和单位。组织是标准的科学论文。请参阅之前发表在《ISA Transactions》上的文章作为示例。）

Layout 布局

Title. Authors names, affiliation, and full contact information (on coversheet). Abstract - an explicit description of the contribution/impact of the manuscript of less than about 125-words. Keywords (less than about 5). Sections as appropriate, with a bold title, and numbered consecutively in base-10, real, Arabic numerals (1., 2., 3., etc.). Subsections, as appropriate, numbered sequentially (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, etc.). The Conclusion section will be the last numbered section. Acknowledgment (if appropriate). References. Tables numbered sequentially using Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, etc.). Figures numbered sequentially using Arabic numerals (1., 2., 3., etc.). Appendices (if appropriate) identified with capital letters (A., B., C., etc.).
标题。作者姓名、单位和完整的联系信息（在封面上）。摘要 - 对少于 125 字的手稿的贡献/影响的明确描述。关键字（少于约 5 个）。部分酌情用粗体标题，并以 10 为基数、实数、阿拉伯数字（1.、2.、3.等）连续编号。各小节酌情按顺序编号（2.1、2.2、2.3等）。结论部分将是最后一个编号部分。致谢（如适用）。引用。使用罗马数字（I、II、III、IV 等）依次编号的表格。数字使用阿拉伯数字（1.、2.、3.等）依次编号。附录（如适用）用大写字母（A.、B.、C.等）标识。

Content 内容

Business conduct (any involvement in promoting goods, enterprises, national development, or specific perspectives) is rigorously prohibited. Assertions must be backed by concrete evidence and align with the constraints and ideals inherent in development.

Submission 提交
Authors must submit their manuscript via Editorial Manager at https://www.editorialmanager.com/isatrans/default.aspx. Authors will be asked to select the Associate Editor or Editor-in-Chief whose technical interests most nearly match the manuscript. When in doubt, use the Editor-in-Chief.
作者必须通过 https://www.editorialmanager.com/isatrans/default.aspx 的编辑经理提交稿件。作者将被要求选择技术兴趣与稿件最接近的副主编或主编。如有疑问，请使用主编。
There are three essential elements to be submitted:
有三个基本要素需要提交：

1. The manuscript must be a single file (including tables, figures, etc.), of less than 1 Meg, using either an Adobe-compatible portable document format or an MS Word *.doc (preferred). Submit the manuscript without the authors’ names and affiliation (Blinded).
   1）稿件必须是小于1 Meg的单个文件（包括表格，图表等），使用与Adobe兼容的便携式文档格式或MS Word *.doc（首选）。提交稿件时不注明作者姓名和单位（盲法）。

2. 请提交一份cover page/letter, 包括文章标题、作者姓名及其所属机构以及联系方式（完整邮政地址及电子邮件地址、联系电话及传真号码）。这份cover letter可能还提供有关任何需编辑关注的特殊方面的心得与建议。
   2） 请提交封面信件, 包括文章标题、作者姓名及其所属机构以及联系方式（完整邮政地址及电子邮件地址、联系电话及传真号码）。这份求职信可能还提供有关任何需编辑关注的特殊方面的心得与建议。

3. Submit Highlights, a bulleted list of 3 to 5 items indicating what was studied and the authors’ claims about the work. This is a relatively new trend in scientific journals.
   3） 提交亮点，一个由 3 到 5 个项目组成的项目符号列表，说明研究的内容和作者对工作的声明。这在科学期刊中是一个相对较新的趋势。
   Highlights is neither the Abstract, Conclusions, nor Key Words. An Abstract talks all about the paper, but usually does not provide the bottom-line results. The Abstract is a teaser that gets people to look at the article, hoping the article provides the solution they need. The Conclusion provides bottom-line results, but full paragraph text is not a user-convenient way to sort through manuscript applicability or contribution. And, often the Conclusion does not provide scope or grounding. The Keywords help in e-sorting, but do not convey applicability or results. Highlights will be a bulleted list of scope and results. It will be published with the article, and represents a trend in improving the functionality of search engines in the e-database to find articles that are relevant to the searcher’s enquiry. To help understand, Elsevier has a link with a few examples of bad and good Highlights: https://www.elsevier.com/highlights. Highlights are not a copy of the conclusions, abstract, or keywords. It is not a forecast of future work. Reviewers for ISA Transactions will be expected to comment on the authors’ Highlights as they have commented on all other parts of the paper that are integral to the published article.
   亮点既不是摘要、结论，也不是关键词。摘要讨论了论文的所有内容，但通常不提供底线结果。摘要是一个预告片，让人们看这篇文章，希望这篇文章能提供他们需要的解决方案。结论提供了底线结果，但完整的段落文本并不是用户对稿件适用性或贡献进行排序的便捷方式。而且，结论通常没有提供范围或基础。关键字有助于电子排序，但不传达适用性或结果。亮点将是范围和结果的项目符号列表。它将与文章一起发布，代表了一种趋势，即改进电子数据库中搜索引擎的功能，以查找与搜索者查询相关的文章。为了帮助理解，爱思唯尔提供了一个链接，其中包含一些坏的和好的亮点的例子：https://www.elsevier.com/highlights。亮点不是结论、摘要或关键字的副本。它不是对未来工作的预测。ISA Transactions 的审稿人将对作者的“要点”发表评论，因为他们对论文中与已发表文章不可或缺的所有其他部分进行了评论。
   Suggesting reviewers 推荐审稿人
   Please submit the names and institutional e-mail addresses of several potential reviewers.
   请提交几位潜在审稿人的姓名和机构电子邮件地址。
   You should not suggest reviewers who are colleagues, or who have co-authored or collaborated with you during the last three years. Editors do not invite reviewers who have potential competing interests with the authors. Further, in order to provide a broad and balanced assessment of the work, and ensure scientific rigor, please suggest diverse candidate reviewers who are located in different countries/regions from the author group. Also consider other diversity attributes e.g. gender, race and ethnicity, career stage, etc. Finally, you should not include existing members of the journal’s editorial team, of whom the journal are already aware.
   您不应推荐同事或在过去三年中与您共同撰写或合作的审稿人。编辑不会邀请与作者有潜在竞争利益的审稿人。此外，为了对工作进行广泛而平衡的评估，并确保科学严谨性，请推荐来自作者群体不同国家/地区的不同候选审稿人。还要考虑其他多样性属性，例如性别、种族和民族、职业阶段等。最后，你不应该包括期刊编辑团队的现有成员，期刊已经知道他们了。

Note: The editor decides if they will invite your submitted reviewers.

Preparation 制备
Queries 查询

invites you to consult our Support Center for any inquiries regarding the editorial process (including the status of manuscripts under review) or technical support on submissions.
Involves inquiries about the editorial workflow (including submissions that are under review) or technical support related to submissions, please visit our Support Center.
Peer review is a process where submitted works are evaluated by experts in the field.

该期刊采用双重匿名审查流程。所有投稿将首先由编辑评估其是否适合本期刊。被初步选定的论文通常会被发送给至少两名独立专家评审员以评估其科学质量。编辑负责最终决定文章的接受或拒绝。编辑的决定是最终的。编辑不参与自己撰写的论文或其他由家庭成员、同事撰写或涉及与自身有关的产品和服务相关论文的决策。任何此类投稿均需遵循期刊的所有常规程序，并且同行评审独立于相关编辑及其研究团队进行。更多关于同行评议类型的资料。

This journal uses double anonymized review, which means the identities of the authors are concealed from the reviewers, and vice versa. More information is available on our website. To facilitate this, please include the following separately:
本期刊使用双重匿名审稿，这意味着作者的身份对审稿人是隐瞒的，反之亦然。更多信息请访问我们的网站。为方便起见，请分别提供以下内容：
Title page (with author details): This should include the title, authors’ names, affiliations, acknowledgements and any Declaration of Interest statement, and a complete address for the corresponding author including an e-mail address.
扉页（包含作者详细信息）：这应包括标题、作者姓名、单位、致谢和任何利益声明，以及通讯作者的完整地址，包括电子邮件地址。
Anonymized manuscript (no author details): The main body of the paper (including the references, figures, tables and any acknowledgements) should not include any identifying information, such as the authors’ names or affiliations.
匿名稿件（无作者详细信息）：论文的主体（包括参考文献、图表、表格和任何致谢）不应包含任何识别信息，例如作者的姓名或单位。
Use of word processing software
使用文字处理软件
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word processor’s options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also the section on Electronic artwork.
重要的是，文件必须以所用文字处理器的本机格式保存。文本应采用单列格式。使文本的布局尽可能简单。在处理文章时，大多数格式代码将被删除和替换。特别是，不要使用文字处理器的选项来对齐文本或连字符字词。但是，请使用粗体、斜体、下标、上标等。准备表时，如果使用表网格，请对每个表仅使用一个网格，而不是对每行使用网格。如果未使用网格，请使用制表符（而不是空格）对齐列。电子文本的准备方式应与传统稿件非常相似（另见《爱思唯尔出版指南》）。请注意，无论您是否在文本中嵌入图形，都需要图形、表格和文本图形的源文件。另请参阅“电子图稿”部分。
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the ‘spell-check’ and ‘grammar-check’ functions of your word processor.
为避免不必要的错误，强烈建议您使用文字处理器的“拼写检查”和“语法检查”功能。
LaTeX 乳胶
You are recommended to use the Elsevier article class elsarticle.cls to prepare your manuscript and BibTeX to generate your bibliography.
建议您使用爱思唯尔文章类elsarticle.cls来准备您的稿件，并使用BibTeX来生成您的参考书目。
Our LaTeX site has detailed submission instructions, templates and other information.
我们的 LaTeX 网站有详细的提交说明、模板和其他信息。
Article structure 文章结构
Subdivision - numbered sections
细分 - 编号部分
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, …), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to ‘the text’. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
将您的文章划分为明确定义和编号的部分。小节应编号为 1.1（然后是 1.1.1、1.1.2 等）、1.2 等（摘要不包括在节编号中）。此编号也用于内部交叉引用：不要仅引用“文本”。任何小节都可以给出一个简短的标题。每个标题都应出现在其单独的行上。
Introduction 介绍
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
陈述工作目标并提供充分的背景，避免详细的文献调查或结果摘要。
Material and methods 材料与方法
Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.
提供足够的细节，以便独立研究人员复制作品。应对已经发表的方法进行总结，并用参考文献指出。如果直接从以前发布的方法引用，请使用引号并引用来源。还应描述对现有方法的任何修改。
Theory/calculation 理论/计算
A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.
理论部分应该扩展而不是重复引言中已经处理过的文章的背景，并为进一步的工作奠定基础。相比之下，“计算”部分代表了理论基础的实际发展。
Results 结果
Results should be clear and concise.
结果应该清晰简洁。
Discussion 讨论
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
这应该探索工作结果的意义，而不是重复它们。将结果和讨论组合起来通常是合适的。避免大量引用和讨论已发表的文献。
Conclusions 结论
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
研究的主要结论可以在一个简短的结论部分中提出，该部分可以单独存在，也可以构成讨论或结果和讨论部分的子部分。
Appendices 附录
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
如果有多个附录，应将其标识为 A、B 等。附录中的公式和方程式应单独编号：方程（A.1）、方程（A.2）等;在随后的附录中，方程（B.1）等。表格和数字也是如此：表A.1;图 A.1 等
Essential title page information
基本扉页信息

• Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
•标题。简明扼要，内容丰富。标题通常用于信息检索系统。尽可能避免使用缩写和公式。
• Author names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Present the authors’ affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• 作者姓名和单位。请清楚地指出每位作者的姓名和姓氏，并检查所有姓名的拼写是否准确。您可以在自己的脚本中将您的名字添加到英文音译后面的括号之间。在姓名下方显示作者的单位地址（实际工作完成的地方）。在作者姓名之后和相应地址前面用小写上标字母表示所有隶属关系。提供每个隶属机构的完整邮政地址，包括国家名称和每个作者的电子邮件地址（如果有）。
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.
• 通讯作者。明确指出谁将在审稿和出版的所有阶段（包括出版后）处理通信。该职责包括回答未来有关方法和材料的任何疑问。确保提供电子邮件地址，并由通讯作者及时更新联系方式。
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a ‘Present address’ (or ‘Permanent address’) may be indicated as a footnote to that author’s name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
• 现在/永久地址。如果作者在文章中描述的工作完成后已经搬家，或者当时正在访问，则可以将“现在的地址”（或“永久地址”）作为该作者姓名的脚注。必须保留作者实际完成作品的地址作为主要隶属关系地址。此类脚注使用上标阿拉伯数字。
Highlights 突出

作为提升文章搜索引擎可访问性的必要元素，在本期刊中设置了高亮部分。这些高亮部分由一系列简洁的要点组成，在研究中发现了新的成果，并且还包含了您在研究期间所采用的新方法（如果有的话）。请参考示例高亮内容。
为了提高文章在搜索引擎中的可见度和易寻性，在本期刊中设置了必要的亮点部分。
这些高亮部分由一系列简洁的要点组成，在研究中发现了新的成果，并且还包含了您在研究期间所采用的新方法（如果有的话）。
请看一下示例高亮。
为了方便作者操作，请注意以下事项： highlights 应该以单独的可编辑文件形式提交到在线提交系统，请将文件名命名为 'Highlights' ，并包含3至5个要点符号（每个要点不超过85个字符），其中包含空格。

Abstract 抽象
Abstract - an explicit description of the contribution/impact of the manuscript of less than about 125-words. Keywords (less than about 5). Sections as appropriate, with a bold title, and numbered consecutively in base-10, real, Arabic numerals (1., 2., 3., etc.). Subsections, as appropriate, numbered sequentially (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, etc.). The Conclusion section will be the last numbered section. Acknowledgment (if appropriate). References. Tables numbered sequentially using Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, etc.). Figures numbered sequentially using Arabic numerals (1., 2., 3., etc.). Appendices (if appropriate) identified with capital letters (A., B., C., etc.).
摘要 - 对少于 125 字的手稿的贡献/影响的明确描述。关键字（少于约 5 个）。部分酌情用粗体标题，并以 10 为基数、实数、阿拉伯数字（1.、2.、3.等）连续编号。各小节酌情按顺序编号（2.1、2.2、2.3等）。结论部分将是最后一个编号部分。致谢（如适用）。引用。使用罗马数字（I、II、III、IV 等）依次编号的表格。数字使用阿拉伯数字（1.、2.、3.等）依次编号。附录（如适用）用大写字母（A.、B.、C.等）标识。
Graphical abstract 图形摘要
Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site.
虽然图形摘要是可选的，但鼓励使用它，因为它会引起人们对在线文章的更多关注。图形摘要应以简洁的图形形式总结文章的内容，旨在吸引广大读者的注意力。图形摘要应作为单独文件提交在线提交系统。图片尺寸：请提供至少 531 × 1328 像素（高×宽）或更大的图片。使用 5 dpi 的常规屏幕分辨率，图像应以 5 × 13 厘米的尺寸可读。首选文件类型：TIFF、EPS、PDF 或 MS Office 文件。您可以在我们的信息网站上查看示例图形摘要。
Keywords 关键字

紧接着摘要部分，请提供最多6个关键词以供索引用途。这些关键字需遵循以下规则：使用美国拼写；避免使用一般性、复数术语以及多个概念（例如避免“and”、“of”等）。仅允许在该领域内经过牢固确立的缩略语获得资格；在文章第一页脚注中定义此领域中不标准的缩写；在摘要中首次提及时以及在脚注中定义；整篇文章中缩写的表述需保持一致。
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
Funding: 本研究的工作得到了以下机构的支持：
National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy];
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz];
United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].

There’s no need to provide detailed explanations regarding the program’s scope or types of financial support packages. When funding comes from block grants such as Title III federal Pell Grant programs for community colleges in New York State or alternative resources available exclusively to universities and colleges should have their providers’ names submitted.

Unless sufficient funding has been allocated for the research, it is advised to incorporate the subsequent sentence.

This research was not granted any particular grant funds from public, private, or non-profit organizations.

Units 单位

Every measurement and datum must be presented using SI units; if any alternate units are employed, their corresponding SI equivalents must be provided in parentheses. Furthermore, each paper must adhere to a consistent set of symbols and units; moreover, all definitions must be clearly established.

Mathematical expressions - Mathematical symbols and formulae should be typed. Particular care should be exercised in identifying all symbols and in avoiding ambiguities. Distinction should be made between the number one (1) and the letter “ell” (l), and between the number zero (0) and the letter “oh” (O). Symbols for vectors and matrices should be marked clearly on the manuscript. Equation numbers should appear in parentheses, and numbered consecutively. All equation numbers must appear on the right-hand side of the equation and should be referred to within the text. Use the following sequence for nested parentheses: ) ] }.
数学表达式 - 应键入数学符号和公式。在识别所有符号和避免歧义时应特别小心。应区分数字一 （1） 和字母“ell”（l），以及数字零 （0） 和字母“oh”（O）。向量和矩阵的符号应在稿件上清楚地标记。方程式编号应出现在括号中，并连续编号。所有方程式编号必须出现在方程式的右侧，并应在正文中引用。对嵌套括号使用以下顺序：） ] }。
Footnotes 脚注
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors can build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Otherwise, please indicate the position of footnotes in the text and list the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
脚注应谨慎使用。在整篇文章中连续编号。许多文字处理器可以在文本中构建脚注，并且可以使用此功能。否则，请在正文中注明脚注的位置，并在文章末尾分别列出脚注本身。不要在“参考”列表中包含脚注。
Artwork 艺术品
Illustrations 插图
Photographs, charts and diagrams are to be referred to as Figures and should be numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals in the order in which they are first mentioned. They should follow the manuscript on separate pages (not imbedded within the manuscript). All illustrations should be clear and suitable for reduction (to 50% original size). Lettering must be clear and open and must also be large enough to be reduced by the same proportion. Figure legends should be typed on a separate sheet and placed in a list at the end of the manuscript. The amount of lettering on a drawing should be reduced as far as possible by transferring it to the legend. Format figures to emphasize the region of interest.
照片、图表和图表称为数字，并应按照首次提及的顺序以阿拉伯数字连续编号。他们应该在单独的页面上跟随手稿（而不是嵌入在手稿中）。所有插图都应清晰且适合缩小（缩小到原始尺寸的 50%）。字体必须清晰开放，并且还必须足够大，可以按相同的比例减少。图例应打在另一张纸上，并放在稿件末尾的列表中。应通过将图形转移到图例中来尽可能减少图形上的字体量。设置图形的格式以强调感兴趣区域。
Electronic artwork 电子艺术作品
General points 一般要点
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• 确保使用原始图稿的统一字体和尺寸。
• Embed the used fonts if the application provides that option.
• 如果应用程序提供该选项，则嵌入使用的字体。
• Aim to use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, Symbol, or use fonts that look similar.
• 在插图中使用以下字体：Arial、Courier、Times New Roman、Symbol，或使用看起来相似的字体。
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• 根据插图在文本中的顺序对插图进行编号。
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• 对图稿文件使用逻辑命名约定。
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• 单独为插图提供说明。
• Size the illustrations close to the desired dimensions of the published version.
• 将插图的大小调整为接近已发布版本所需尺寸的大小。
• Submit each illustration as a separate file.
• 将每幅插图作为单独的文件提交。
• Ensure that color images are accessible to all, including those with impaired color vision.
• 确保所有人都能获得彩色图像，包括色觉受损的人。
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available.
电子艺术品的详细指南可用。
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
我们敦促您访问本网站;这里给出了一些详细信息的摘录。
Formats 格式
If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply ‘as is’ in the native document format.
如果您的电子图稿是在 Microsoft Office 应用程序（Word、PowerPoint、Excel）中创建的，请以本机文档格式“按原样”提供。
Regardless of the application used other than Microsoft Office, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please ‘Save as’ or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
无论使用 Microsoft Office 以外的应用程序，当您的电子图稿定稿时，请“另存为”或将图像转换为以下格式之一（请注意下面给出的线条图、半色调和线/半色调组合的分辨率要求）：
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings, embed all used fonts.
EPS（或 PDF）：矢量绘图，嵌入所有使用的字体。
TIFF (or JPEG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones), keep to a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF（或 JPEG）：彩色或灰度照片（半色调），至少保持 300 dpi。
TIFF (or JPEG): Bitmapped (pure black & white pixels) line drawings, keep to a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF（或JPEG）：位图（纯黑白像素）线条图，保持至少1000 dpi。
TIFF (or JPEG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale), keep to a minimum of 500 dpi.
TIFF（或 JPEG）：位图线/半色调（彩色或灰度）的组合，至少保持 500 dpi。
Please do not: 请不要：
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); these typically have a low number of pixels and limited set of colors;
• 提供针对屏幕使用进行优化的文件（例如，GIF、BMP、PICT、WPG）;它们通常具有较少的像素数和有限的颜色集;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• 提供分辨率过低的文件;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
• 提交的图片与内容不成比例地大。

Color artwork 彩色艺术品
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF), or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color online (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version. For color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color: in print or online only. Further information on the preparation of electronic artwork.
请确保图稿文件采用可接受的格式（TIFF（或 JPEG）、EPS（或 PDF）或 MS Office 文件）并具有正确的分辨率。如果您提交了可用的彩色图表，则爱思唯尔将免费确保这些图表将以彩色形式在线显示（例如，ScienceDirect和其他网站），无论这些插图是否在印刷版本中以彩色形式复制。对于印刷品的彩色复制，您将在收到您接受的文章后收到爱思唯尔有关费用的信息。请注明您对颜色的偏好：仅限印刷版或在线版。有关电子艺术作品准备的更多信息。
Figure captions 图形说明
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
确保每个插图都有标题。单独提供标题，不附在图中。标题应包括简短的标题（而不是插图本身）和插图说明。将插图本身中的文字保持在最低限度，但解释所有使用的符号和缩写。
Tables 表

设置表格清晰易读需要特别注意

设置表格清晰易读需要特别注意

设置表格清晰易读需要特别注意

设置表格清晰易读需要特别注意

Elsevier 接收视频内容与动画序列以支持并增强您的科学研究努力Scholars with video or animation files for their submissions are advised to incorporate links directing to these files within the article's main text.Similar to how figures and tables are integrated, video and animation content can be referenced, with their placement noted in the main text.Proper labeling of all submitted files ensures they directly connect to the associated video content.Please include still images derived from your videos or animations. You may select any frame from your materials or opt for a standalone image.Note that videos and animations cannot be embedded in print versions.Therefore, include descriptions for both digital formats and printed materials where relevant portions of your article discuss this topic.

补充材料如应用程序、图像和音频剪辑等可以与您的文章一起发布以增强其吸引力。提交的补充材料将按照收到时的状态发布（ Excel 或 PowerPoint 文件将在线显示时态一致）。请将您的材料与文章一并提交，并为每个补充文件配上简明扼要且具描述性的标题。如果您希望在流程的任何阶段对补充材料进行更改，请确保提供更新后的文件。请不要在先前版本上标注任何更正。请关闭 Microsoft Office 文件中的‘跟踪更改’选项以确保更新版本中不会显示这些更正。

This journal encourages and enables you to share data that supports your research publication where appropriate, and enables you to interlink the data with your published articles. Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings, which may also include software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.
该期刊鼓励并使您能够在适当的情况下共享支持您的研究出版物的数据，并使您能够将数据与您发表的文章相互链接。研究数据是指验证研究结果的观察或实验结果，其中还可能包括与项目相关的软件、代码、模型、算法、协议、方法和其他有用材料。
Below are a number of ways in which you can associate data with your article or make a statement about the availability of your data when submitting your manuscript. If you are sharing data in one of these ways, you are encouraged to cite the data in your manuscript and reference list. Please refer to the “References” section for more information about data citation. For more information on depositing, sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials, visit the research data page.
您可以通过以下几种方式将数据与文章相关联，或在提交稿件时声明数据的可用性。如果您以这些方式之一共享数据，我们鼓励您在稿件和参考文献列表中引用数据。有关数据引用的更多信息，请参阅“参考文献”部分。有关存储、共享和使用研究数据和其他相关研究材料的更多信息，请访问研究数据页面。

Data linking（数据链接）
您如果已经在数据存储库中提供了您的研究数据，则可以直接将文章链接到相应的数据集上。爱思唯尔与多家存储库合作，在ScienceDirect上文章会自动连接到相关存储库资源，从而让读者能够深入理解所描述的研究工作。
您可以采用多种方法来将您的数据集与文章关联起来。当可用时，请直接在提交系统中提供相关信息以将数据集与文章关联起来。有关更多信息，请访问数据库链接页面。

A repository banner will automatically appear next to your published article on ScienceDirect for supported data repositories.
受支持的数据存储库中，在ScienceDirect上发表的文章旁边会自动显示存储库横幅。

Additionally, authors are permitted to reference relevant data or entities within the manuscript text by utilizing identifiers in accordance with the following format: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN). Furthermore, authors may reference relevant data or entities within the manuscript text by employing identifiers in accordance with the following format.

Data statement 数据语句
为了提高透明度, 我们鼓励您在其提交内容中明确表示其数据的可获得性, 这可能是出于您所在机构或资助机构的要求, 如果您的研究数据无法获取或不适合公开发布, 您将有机会在其提交过程中详细说明原因, 例如表明研究数据属于机密性质, 此声明将在您的文章发表于ScienceDirect时一并呈现出来, 请访问Data Statement页面获取更多信息

After acceptance 验收后
Online proof correction 在线校样校对

To ensure a swift publication process for the article, we kindly request authors to submit their proof corrections within two days. Corresponding authors will receive an email with a link to our online proofing system, enabling them to annotate and correct proofs online. The system mirrors MS Word: besides text editing, users can also comment on figures and tables and respond to questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofreading offers a more efficient and error-free process by allowing direct text editing without the risk of introducing errors through manual entry. If preferred, you may still annotate and upload edits on the PDF version. All proofing instructions will be included in the email sent to authors, along with alternative methods such as online submission or PDF upload. We strive to publish your article quickly and accurately. This proof is solely intended for verifying typesetting, editing, completeness, and correctness of the text, figures, and tables. Major revisions beyond what has been accepted for publication can only be considered at this stage with written consent from the Editor. It is crucial that all corrections are returned in one communication; therefore, please review carefully before replying as any subsequent changes cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is exclusively your responsibility.

Regular periodical publications by ISA Transactions are distributed worldwide to individual subscribers, corporate entities, and libraries. From 2012 onward, we began publishing bi-monthly with six issues each year. Additionally, every issue's content is indexed online via the Internet and made accessible freely by ScienceDirect for global readership. Offprints 分印本

A corresponding author will receive a customized Share Link at no cost, offering 50-day free access to the final version of their article on ScienceDirect. This versatile link allows sharing via any communication method, such as email or social media platforms. For additional costs, paper copies of articles can be ordered using the offprint order form provided upon publication approval. Corresponding authors who have already published their work under gold open-access terms do not need a Share Link since their final versions remain freely accessible on ScienceDirect and can be accessed through their unique DOI links. Author inquiries

Visit Elsevier's support center for assistance with queries. Here, you'll discover a wealth of information, including FAQs and methods to contact us. Additionally, you may want to explore resources such as citation tools and research submission guidelines on our website. Furthermore, tracking the submission status of an article is straightforward by using our online platform. When an article is accepted, it is typically published within a few months after submission. For more detailed information about publication timelines and formats, please visit our Author Information section.

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